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Determine if the function F(x) = (x2 − 6x + 5) / (x2 - 4x + 3) has a removable discontinuity at x=1.

Mathematics

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Graph of F(x) = (x² − 6x + 5)/(x² − 4x + 3)

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Key points of F(x) = (x² − 6x + 5)/(x² − 4x + 3)
Pointxy
y-intercept01.67
x-intercept50

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

A removable discontinuity occurs at a point x=cx=c if the function F(c)F(c) is undefined, but the limit lim⁡x→cF(x)\lim_{x \to c} F(x) exists.

Let's analyze the given example: F(x)=x2−6x+5x2−4x+3F(x) = \frac{x^2 - 6x + 5}{x^2 - 4x + 3} at c=1c=1.

  1. Evaluate F(c)F(c).

    Substitute x=1x=1 into the function:

    F(1)=12−6(1)+512−4(1)+3=1−6+51−4+3=00F(1) = \frac{1^2 - 6(1) + 5}{1^2 - 4(1) + 3} = \frac{1 - 6 + 5}{1 - 4 + 3} = \frac{0}{0}

    Since we have an indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}, F(1)F(1) is undefined.

  2. Evaluate the limit as x→cx \to c.

    To evaluate the limit lim⁡x→1x2−6x+5x2−4x+3\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{x^2 - 6x + 5}{x^2 - 4x + 3}, we factor the numerator and the denominator.
    Factor the numerator x2−6x+5x^2 - 6x + 5:
    We look for two numbers that multiply to 5 and add to -6. These are -1 and -5.
    So, x2−6x+5=(x−1)(x−5)x^2 - 6x + 5 = (x-1)(x-5).

    Factor the denominator x2−4x+3x^2 - 4x + 3:
    We look for two numbers that multiply to 3 and add to -4. These are -1 and -3.
    So, x2−4x+3=(x−1)(x−3)x^2 - 4x + 3 = (x-1)(x-3).

    Now, substitute the factored forms into the limit expression:

    lim⁡x→1(x−1)(x−5)(x−1)(x−3)\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{(x-1)(x-5)}{(x-1)(x-3)}

    Since x→1x \to 1, x≠1x \neq 1, so we can cancel the (x−1)(x-1) terms:

    lim⁡x→1x−5x−3\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{x-5}{x-3}

    Now, substitute x=1x=1 into the simplified expression:

    1−51−3=−4−2=2\frac{1-5}{1-3} = \frac{-4}{-2} = 2

    The limit lim⁡x→1F(x)\lim_{x \to 1} F(x) exists and is equal to 2.

  3. Conclude the type of discontinuity.

    Since F(1)F(1) is undefined but lim⁡x→1F(x)\lim_{x \to 1} F(x) exists (it equals 2), the function F(x)F(x) has a removable discontinuity at x=1x=1.

    The steps shown in your notes are correct.
    The function F(x)=x2−6x+5x2−4x+3F(x) = \frac{x^2 - 6x + 5}{x^2 - 4x + 3} has a removable discontinuity at x=1x=1. The value that would make the function continuous at x=1x=1 is 2\boxed{2}.

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