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Evaluate the integral integral x2 (x) dx.

Mathematics

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Answer

x2sin⁡(x)+2xcos⁡(x)−2sin⁡(x)+Cx^2 \sin(x) + 2x\cos(x) - 2\sin(x) + C

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

To evaluate the integral ∫x2cos⁡(x) dx\int x^2 \cos(x)\,dx, we will use integration by parts, which states ∫u dv=uv−∫v du\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du. We will need to apply this method twice.

  1. First application of integration by parts.

    Choose uu and dvdv:
    Let u=x2u = x^2
    Then du=2x dxdu = 2x\,dx

    Let dv=cos⁡(x) dxdv = \cos(x)\,dx
    Then v=∫cos⁡(x) dx=sin⁡(x)v = \int \cos(x)\,dx = \sin(x)

    Apply the integration by parts formula:

    ∫x2cos⁡(x) dx=x2sin⁡(x)−∫sin⁡(x)(2x) dx\int x^2 \cos(x)\,dx = x^2 \sin(x) - \int \sin(x) (2x)\,dx ∫x2cos⁡(x) dx=x2sin⁡(x)−2∫xsin⁡(x) dx\int x^2 \cos(x)\,dx = x^2 \sin(x) - 2 \int x \sin(x)\,dx
  2. Second application of integration by parts for the integral ∫xsin⁡(x) dx\int x \sin(x)\,dx.

    Choose new uu and dvdv:
    Let u1=xu_1 = x
    Then du1=dxdu_1 = dx

    Let dv1=sin⁡(x) dxdv_1 = \sin(x)\,dx
    Then v1=∫sin⁡(x) dx=−cos⁡(x)v_1 = \int \sin(x)\,dx = -\cos(x)

    Apply the integration by parts formula to ∫xsin⁡(x) dx\int x \sin(x)\,dx:

    ∫xsin⁡(x) dx=x(−cos⁡(x))−∫(−cos⁡(x)) dx\int x \sin(x)\,dx = x(-\cos(x)) - \int (-\cos(x))\,dx ∫xsin⁡(x) dx=−xcos⁡(x)+∫cos⁡(x) dx\int x \sin(x)\,dx = -x\cos(x) + \int \cos(x)\,dx ∫xsin⁡(x) dx=−xcos⁡(x)+sin⁡(x)\int x \sin(x)\,dx = -x\cos(x) + \sin(x)
  3. Substitute the result from Step 2 back into the equation from Step 1.

    ∫x2cos⁡(x) dx=x2sin⁡(x)−2(−xcos⁡(x)+sin⁡(x))+C\int x^2 \cos(x)\,dx = x^2 \sin(x) - 2 (-x\cos(x) + \sin(x)) + C ∫x2cos⁡(x) dx=x2sin⁡(x)+2xcos⁡(x)−2sin⁡(x)+C\int x^2 \cos(x)\,dx = x^2 \sin(x) + 2x\cos(x) - 2\sin(x) + C

    The final answer is x2sin⁡(x)+2xcos⁡(x)−2sin⁡(x)+Cx^2 \sin(x) + 2x\cos(x) - 2\sin(x) + C.

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