We read your photo as:

Integrate: integral (1)/(x2sqrt(x2-9)) dx

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here are the solutions to the problems.

b) Integrate: ∫1x2x2−9dx\int \frac{1}{x^2\sqrt{x^2-9}} dx

  1. Use trigonometric substitution.

    The integral contains x2−a2\sqrt{x^2 - a^2} where a=3a=3. Let x=3sec⁡θx = 3 \sec \theta.
    Then dx=3sec⁡θtan⁡θ dθdx = 3 \sec \theta \tan \theta \, d\theta.
    And x2−9=(3sec⁡θ)2−9=9sec⁡2θ−9=9(sec⁡2θ−1)=9tan⁡2θ=3tan⁡θ\sqrt{x^2 - 9} = \sqrt{(3 \sec \theta)^2 - 9} = \sqrt{9 \sec^2 \theta - 9} = \sqrt{9(\sec^2 \theta - 1)} = \sqrt{9 \tan^2 \theta} = 3 \tan \theta.

  2. Substitute these into the integral and simplify.

    ∫1(3sec⁡θ)2(3tan⁡θ)(3sec⁡θtan⁡θ dθ)\int \frac{1}{(3 \sec \theta)^2 (3 \tan \theta)} (3 \sec \theta \tan \theta \, d\theta) =∫3sec⁡θtan⁡θ9sec⁡2θ⋅3tan⁡θ dθ= \int \frac{3 \sec \theta \tan \theta}{9 \sec^2 \theta \cdot 3 \tan \theta} \, d\theta =∫3sec⁡θtan⁡θ27sec⁡2θtan⁡θ dθ= \int \frac{3 \sec \theta \tan \theta}{27 \sec^2 \theta \tan \theta} \, d\theta =∫19sec⁡θ dθ= \int \frac{1}{9 \sec \theta} \, d\theta =19∫cos⁡θ dθ= \frac{1}{9} \int \cos \theta \, d\theta
  3. Integrate with respect to θ\theta.

    =19sin⁡θ+C= \frac{1}{9} \sin \theta + C
  4. Convert back to xx.

    From x=3sec⁡θx = 3 \sec \theta, we have sec⁡θ=x3\sec \theta = \frac{x}{3}. This means cos⁡θ=3x\cos \theta = \frac{3}{x}.
    Consider a right triangle where the hypotenuse is xx and the adjacent side is 3. The opposite side is x2−32=x2−9\sqrt{x^2 - 3^2} = \sqrt{x^2 - 9}.
    Therefore, sin⁡θ=oppositehypotenuse=x2−9x\sin \theta = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{hypotenuse}} = \frac{\sqrt{x^2 - 9}}{x}.
    Substitute this back into the result from Step 3.

    19x2−9x+C\frac{1}{9} \frac{\sqrt{x^2 - 9}}{x} + C

    The final answer is x2−99x+C\boxed{\frac{\sqrt{x^2 - 9}}{9x} + C}.

    10. a) For any three sets A, B and C prove that: (A∪B)−C=(A−C)∪(B−C)(A \cup B) - C = (A - C) \cup (B - C).

    To prove this set equality, we will show that each side is a subset of the other.

  5. Prove (A∪B)−C⊆(A−C)∪(B−C)(A \cup B) - C \subseteq (A - C) \cup (B - C).

    Let x∈(A∪B)−Cx \in (A \cup B) - C.
    By the definition of set difference, this means x∈(A∪B)x \in (A \cup B) and x∉Cx \notin C.
    By the definition of union, x∈Ax \in A or x∈Bx \in B.
    So, we have (x∈A or x∈B)(x \in A \text{ or } x \in B) and x∉Cx \notin C.
    Using the distributive property of "and" over "or", this is equivalent to:
    (x∈A and x∉C)(x \in A \text{ and } x \notin C) or (x∈B and x∉C)(x \in B \text{ and } x \notin C).
    By the definition of set difference, this means (x∈A−C)(x \in A - C) or (x∈B−C)(x \in B - C).
    By the definition of union, this means x∈(A−C)∪(B−C)x \in (A - C) \cup (B - C).
    Therefore, (A∪B)−C⊆(A−C)∪(B−C)(A \cup B) - C \subseteq (A - C) \cup (B - C).

  6. Prove (A−C)∪(B−C)⊆(A∪B)−C(A - C) \cup (B - C) \subseteq (A \cup B) - C.

    Let x∈(A−C)∪(B−C)x \in (A - C) \cup (B - C).
    By the definition of union, this means x∈(A−C)x \in (A - C) or x∈(B−C)x \in (B - C).
    By the definition of set difference, this means (x∈A and x∉C)(x \in A \text{ and } x \notin C) or (x∈B and x∉C)(x \in B \text{ and } x \notin C).
    Using the distributive property of "and" over "or", this is equivalent to:
    (x∈A or x∈B)(x \in A \text{ or } x \in B) and x∉Cx \notin C.
    By the definition of union, this means x∈(A∪B)x \in (A \cup B).
    So, we have x∈(A∪B)x \in (A \cup B) and x∉Cx \notin C.
    By the definition of set difference, this means x∈(A∪B)−Cx \in (A \cup B) - C.
    Therefore, (A−C)∪(B−C)⊆(A∪B)−C(A - C) \cup (B - C) \subseteq (A \cup B) - C.

  7. Conclude the proof.

    Since we have shown that (A∪B)−C⊆(A−C)∪(B−C)(A \cup B) - C \subseteq (A - C) \cup (B - C) and (A−C)∪(B−C)⊆(A∪B)−C(A - C) \cup (B - C) \subseteq (A \cup B) - C, the two sets are equal.
    Thus, (A∪B)−C=(A−C)∪(B−C)\boxed{(A \cup B) - C = (A - C) \cup (B - C)} is proven.

Was this helpful?

Still stuck on this one?

Ask a follow-up, and the answer starts from this question.

Got a different question?Ask your own question
Handwritten step-by-step solution preview

Handwritten Step-by-Step Solution

Get this as a handwritten image on WhatsApp — like a tutor wrote it for you.

Try on WhatsApp