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Lim_(x->3) (x2-9)/(x2+2x-3)

Mathematics

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Answer

32\frac{3}{2}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

Here is the evaluation of the limit.

ii. Evaluate lim⁡x→−3x2−9x2+2x−3\lim_{x \to -3} \frac{x^2 - 9}{x^2 + 2x - 3}

  1. Check the form of the limit.

    If we substitute x=−3x=-3 into the expression, we get:
    Numerator: (−3)2−9=9−9=0(-3)^2 - 9 = 9 - 9 = 0
    Denominator: (−3)2+2(−3)−3=9−6−3=0(-3)^2 + 2(-3) - 3 = 9 - 6 - 3 = 0
    Since we have the indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}, we can either factor the expression or use L'Hôpital's Rule. Let's use factoring.

  2. Factor the numerator and the denominator.

    The numerator is a difference of squares:

    x2−9=(x−3)(x+3)x^2 - 9 = (x-3)(x+3)

    The denominator is a quadratic trinomial:

    x2+2x−3x^2 + 2x - 3

    We need two numbers that multiply to −3-3 and add to 2. These numbers are 3 and −1-1.

    x2+2x−3=(x+3)(x−1)x^2 + 2x - 3 = (x+3)(x-1)
  3. Substitute the factored expressions back into the limit and simplify.

    lim⁡x→−3(x−3)(x+3)(x+3)(x−1)\lim_{x \to -3} \frac{(x-3)(x+3)}{(x+3)(x-1)}

    Since x→−3x \to -3, xx is approaching −3-3 but is not equal to −3-3. Therefore, x+3≠0x+3 \neq 0, and we can cancel the (x+3)(x+3) term from the numerator and denominator.

    lim⁡x→−3x−3x−1\lim_{x \to -3} \frac{x-3}{x-1}
  4. Evaluate the limit by direct substitution.

    Now, substitute x=−3x=-3 into the simplified expression:

    −3−3−3−1=−6−4\frac{-3-3}{-3-1} = \frac{-6}{-4} =32= \frac{3}{2}

    The limit exists and is:

    32\frac{3}{2}
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