We read your photo as:

Find the maxima, minima, and saddle points of the function f(x,y) = x2 + xy + y2 + 3x + 2y + 5.

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

To find the maxima, minima, and saddle points of the function f(x,y)=x2+xy+y2+3x+2y+5f(x,y) = x^2 + xy + y^2 + 3x + 2y + 5, we follow these steps:

  1. Find the first partial derivatives and set them to zero to find critical points.

    The given function is f(x,y)=x2+xy+y2+3x+2y+5f(x,y) = x^2 + xy + y^2 + 3x + 2y + 5.
    The partial derivative with respect to xx is:

    fx=∂∂x(x2+xy+y2+3x+2y+5)=2x+y+3f_x = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x^2 + xy + y^2 + 3x + 2y + 5) = 2x + y + 3

    The partial derivative with respect to yy is:

    fy=∂∂y(x2+xy+y2+3x+2y+5)=x+2y+2f_y = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x^2 + xy + y^2 + 3x + 2y + 5) = x + 2y + 2

    (Note: The fyf_y in your work was x+2x+2, which is incorrect for the given function. We will use the correct fy=x+2y+2f_y = x+2y+2.)

    Set fx=0f_x = 0 and fy=0f_y = 0:

    1. 2x+y+3=02x + y + 3 = 0
    2. x+2y+2=0x + 2y + 2 = 0

    From equation (1), we can express yy in terms of xx:
    y=−2x−3y = -2x - 3

    Substitute this into equation (2):
    x+2(−2x−3)+2=0x + 2(-2x - 3) + 2 = 0
    x−4x−6+2=0x - 4x - 6 + 2 = 0
    −3x−4=0-3x - 4 = 0
    −3x=4-3x = 4
    x=−43x = -\frac{4}{3}

    Now substitute x=−43x = -\frac{4}{3} back into the expression for yy:
    y=−2(−43)−3y = -2\left(-\frac{4}{3}\right) - 3
    y=83−93y = \frac{8}{3} - \frac{9}{3}
    y=−13y = -\frac{1}{3}
    The only critical point is (−43,−13)\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right).

  2. Find the second partial derivatives.

    fxx=∂∂x(2x+y+3)=2f_{xx} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(2x + y + 3) = 2 fyy=∂∂y(x+2y+2)=2f_{yy} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x + 2y + 2) = 2 fxy=∂∂y(2x+y+3)=1f_{xy} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(2x + y + 3) = 1
  3. Calculate the discriminant D(x,y)=fxxfyy−(fxy)2D(x,y) = f_{xx}f_{yy} - (f_{xy})^2.

    D(x,y)=(2)(2)−(1)2=4−1=3D(x,y) = (2)(2) - (1)^2 = 4 - 1 = 3
  4. Apply the Second Derivative Test to the critical point.

    • At (−43,−13)\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right): D(−43,−13)=3D\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) = 3 Since D>0D > 0, we check fxxf_{xx}: fxx(−43,−13)=2f_{xx}\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) = 2 Since fxx>0f_{xx} > 0, the critical point (−43,−13)\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) is a local minimum.
  5. Calculate the function value at the local minimum.

    f(−43,−13)=(−43)2+(−43)(−13)+(−13)2+3(−43)+2(−13)+5f\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) = \left(-\frac{4}{3}\right)^2 + \left(-\frac{4}{3}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2 + 3\left(-\frac{4}{3}\right) + 2\left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) + 5 f(−43,−13)=169+49+19−123−23+5f\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{16}{9} + \frac{4}{9} + \frac{1}{9} - \frac{12}{3} - \frac{2}{3} + 5 f(−43,−13)=219−143+5f\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{21}{9} - \frac{14}{3} + 5 f(−43,−13)=73−143+153f\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{7}{3} - \frac{14}{3} + \frac{15}{3} f(−43,−13)=7−14+153=83f\left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{7 - 14 + 15}{3} = \frac{8}{3}

    The final answer is Local minimum at (−43,−13) with value 83\boxed{\text{Local minimum at } \left(-\frac{4}{3}, -\frac{1}{3}\right) \text{ with value } \frac{8}{3}}.

Was this helpful?

Still stuck on this one?

Ask a follow-up, and the answer starts from this question.

Got a different question?Ask your own question