Study Practical Activity 1.3 under Lesson 1 PDF (Dealing with spatial problems: Part 1). The activity involves the use of QGIS to identify the source of the simulated cholera outbreak in Vulindlela near Richards Bay. Answer the following questions: 1) Refer to Bolstad's Chapter 1 on the Introduction to GIS. Using examples, identify and discuss two GIS components used in Practical Activity 1.3. 2) When was the first case of cholera reported, and what was the total number of cases reported? 3) When was the last cholera case reported, and what was the total number of cases reported? 4) Did the incidence of cholera cases increase or decrease over time, and what was the contributing factor? 5) How did the sewage outfall contribute to the cholera outbreak in Vulindlela? 6) Provide one example of attribute data and spatial data from Practical Activity 1.3. 7) Why is it important to organise and sort spatial data in Practical Activity 1.3? 8) Why was it necessary to rename layers from their original names for Practical Activity 1.3? 9) In Practical Activity 1.3, the structures are categorised into distinct groups. What scale of measurement do these categories represent? 10) In Practical Activity 1.3, cholera cases are categorised by date. What scale of measurement do these categories represent?

Step 1: Measure the straight line distance between the two marked points on the map using a ruler. Suppose the measured map distance is d_m = 3.5 cm. Step 2: Identify the actual (real-world) distance between those points. Suppose d_r = 7 km. Step 3: Convert the real distance to cm to match units with map distance (1 km = 100,000 cm). d_r = 7 × 100,000 = 700,000~cm Step 4: The scale is the ratio of map distance to real distance. Scale = d_m : d_r = 3.5 : 700,000 Step 5: Simplify the ratio by dividing both by 3.5. 700,000 ÷ 3.5 = 200,000 Scale = 1 : 200,000 The scale of the map is 1 : 200000. 1:200000