Q1. (a) Calculate the overall coefficient of heat transfer.

Q1. (a) Calculate the overall coefficient of heat transfer.

The overall heat transfer coefficient $U$ is calculated using the sum of individual thermal resistances for each layer. The formula for total thermal resistance $R_{total}$ is:

$$R_{total} = \sum \frac{x_i}{K_i}$$

where $x_i$ is the thickness of layer $i$ and $K_i$ is its thermal conductivity.

We interpret the values below the layer names as thermal conductivities $K_i$ and the values in the "Thickness" column as $x_i$. The unit for $K$ is assumed to be $\text{W/mK}$ and thickness in $\text{m}$.

Step 1: Convert all thicknesses to