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Simplify the following algebraic expressions: 1. 1/(1+x2) + 2/(1+x2) - 4/(1-x4) 2. (a-b)/(a2-ab+b2) + (a+b)/(a2+ab+b2) - 2b3/(a4+a2b2+b4)

Mathematics

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Here are the solutions to the problems:

1. Simplify: 11+x2+21+x2−41−x4\frac{1}{1+x^2} + \frac{2}{1+x^2} - \frac{4}{1-x^4}

  1. Combine the first two terms since they have the same denominator.

    1+21+x2−41−x4=31+x2−41−x4\frac{1+2}{1+x^2} - \frac{4}{1-x^4} = \frac{3}{1+x^2} - \frac{4}{1-x^4}
  2. Factor the denominator of the second term using the difference of squares formula, A2−B2=(A−B)(A+B)A^2-B^2 = (A-B)(A+B).

    Here, 1−x4=(1−x2)(1+x2)1-x^4 = (1-x^2)(1+x^2).

    31+x2−4(1−x2)(1+x2)\frac{3}{1+x^2} - \frac{4}{(1-x^2)(1+x^2)}
  3. Find the common denominator, which is (1−x2)(1+x2)(1-x^2)(1+x^2).

    Multiply the numerator and denominator of the first term by (1−x2)(1-x^2).

    3(1−x2)(1−x2)(1+x2)−4(1−x2)(1+x2)\frac{3(1-x^2)}{(1-x^2)(1+x^2)} - \frac{4}{(1-x^2)(1+x^2)}
  4. Combine the numerators and simplify.

    3(1−x2)−4(1−x2)(1+x2)=3−3x2−41−x4=−1−3x21−x4\frac{3(1-x^2) - 4}{(1-x^2)(1+x^2)} = \frac{3-3x^2-4}{1-x^4} = \frac{-1-3x^2}{1-x^4} =−(1+3x2)1−x4= \boxed{\frac{-(1+3x^2)}{1-x^4}}

    2. Simplify: $\frac{a-b}{a^2-ab+b^2} + \frac{a+b}{a^2+ab+b^2} - \frac{2b^3}{a^4+a

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