Determine the slope, s1, of the graph (xvii).

Mathematics

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Step-by-step solution

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  1. Determine the slope, s1s_1, of the graph (xvii).

    The graph is mm (vertical axis) versus T2T^2 (horizontal axis) for the single spring. To determine the slope s1s_1, choose two widely separated points (T12,m1)(T^2_1, m_1) and (T22,m2)(T^2_2, m_2) on your best-fit line.

    s1=m2−m1T22−T12s_1 = \frac{m_2 - m_1}{T^2_2 - T^2_1}

    Using the example data from the previous response (e.g., points (1.44 s2,150 g)(1.44 \text{ s}^2, 150 \text{ g}) and (3.35 s2,350 g)(3.35 \text{ s}^2, 350 \text{ g})):

    s1=350 g−150 g3.35 s2−1.44 s2=200 g1.91 s2=104.7 g/s2s_1 = \frac{350 \text{ g} - 150 \text{ g}}{3.35 \text{ s}^2 - 1.44 \text{ s}^2} = \frac{200 \text{ g}}{1.91 \text{ s}^2} = \boxed{104.7 \text{ g/s}^2}

    Your actual value for s1s_1 will depend on your experimental data and graph.

  2. Plot mm on the vertical axis and T02T_0^2 on the horizontal axis (xviii).

    On the same graph paper and using the same axes and scales as for the first plot, plot the points using the values of mm and T02T_0^2 from the "Two Springs" columns of your table. Draw the best fit straight line through these new points.

  3. Determine the slope, s2s_2, of the graph (xix).

    The graph is mm (vertical axis) versus T02T_0^2 (horizontal axis) for the two-spring system. To determine the slope s2s_2, choose two widely separated points (T0,12,m1)(T_{0,1}^2, m_1) and (T0,22,m2)(T_{0,2}^2, m_2) on your best-fit line for the two-spring system.

    s2=m2−m1T0,22−T0,12s_2 = \frac{m_2 - m_1}{T_{0,2}^2 - T_{0,1}^2}

    Using the example data from the previous response (e.g., points (0.72 s2,150 g)(0.72 \text{ s}^2, 150 \text{ g}) and (1.69 s2,350 g)(1.69 \text{ s}^2, 350 \text{ g})):

    s2=350 g−150 g1.69 s2−0.72 s2=200 g0.97 s2=206.2 g/s2s_2 = \frac{350 \text{ g} - 150 \text{ g}}{1.69 \text{ s}^2 - 0.72 \text{ s}^2} = \frac{200 \text{ g}}{0.97 \text{ s}^2} = \boxed{206.2 \text{ g/s}^2}

    Your actual value for s2s_2 will depend on your experimental data and graph.

  4. Evaluate γ=s2s1\gamma = \frac{s_2}{s_1} (xx).

    Using the example slopes calculated above:

    γ=206.2 g/s2104.7 g/s2=1.97\gamma = \frac{206.2 \text{ g/s}^2}{104.7 \text{ g/s}^2} = \boxed{1.97}

    Your actual value for γ\gamma will depend on your calculated slopes.

  5. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results (xxi).

    • Ensure that the oscillations are small and purely vertical to avoid conical motion or swinging.
    • Avoid parallax error when reading the stopwatch by ensuring your eye is level with the mark.
    • Start and stop the stopwatch when the mass is at the same point of its oscillation (e.g., the lowest point) to ensure consistent timing.
    • Minimize air currents or drafts that could affect the oscillations.
  6. How does change in the number of springs affect the frequency of the system?

    When the number of springs in parallel increases, the effective spring constant of the system increases. A higher spring constant leads to a higher frequency of oscillation (and a shorter period).

  7. Calculate the extension, ee, of the spring.

    We use Hooke's Law, which states that the force FF applied to a spring is directly proportional to its extension ee, where kk is the spring stiffness (force constant).

    F=keF = ke

    Given:
    Force F=8.0 NF = 8.0 \text{ N}
    Stiffness k=125 Nm−1k = 125 \text{ Nm}^{-1}

    Rearrange the formula to solve for extension ee:

    e=Fke = \frac{F}{k}

    Substitute the given values:

    e=8.0 N125 Nm−1e = \frac{8.0 \text{ N}}{125 \text{ Nm}^{-1}} e=0.064 me = 0.064 \text{ m}

    The extension of the spring is 0.064 m\boxed{0.064 \text{ m}}.

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