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Find the sum of the vectors 3i + 7j and 2i – 2j. If the position vectors of P and Q are i + 3j and 5i – 2j respectively, find PQ and |PQ|.

Mathematics

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2. Find the sum of the vectors 3i+7j3\mathbf{i} + 7\mathbf{j} and 2i−2j2\mathbf{i} - 2\mathbf{j}.

  1. Add the corresponding i\mathbf{i} components and j\mathbf{j} components of the two vectors.

    (3i+7j)+(2i−2j)=(3+2)i+(7−2)j(3\mathbf{i} + 7\mathbf{j}) + (2\mathbf{i} - 2\mathbf{j}) = (3+2)\mathbf{i} + (7-2)\mathbf{j}
  2. Simplify the expression.

    (3+2)i+(7−2)j=5i+5j(3+2)\mathbf{i} + (7-2)\mathbf{j} = 5\mathbf{i} + 5\mathbf{j}

    The sum of the vectors is \boxed{\text{5\mathbf{i} + 5\mathbf{j}}}

    3. If the position vectors of P and Q are i+3j\mathbf{i} + 3\mathbf{j} and 5i−2j5\mathbf{i} - 2\mathbf{j} respectively, find PQ⃗\vec{PQ} and ∣PQ⃗∣|\vec{PQ}|.

  3. Find the vector PQ⃗\vec{PQ} by subtracting the position vector of P from the position vector of Q.

    Let P⃗=i+3j\vec{P} = \mathbf{i} + 3\mathbf{j} and Q⃗=5i−2j\vec{Q} = 5\mathbf{i} - 2\mathbf{j}.

    PQ⃗=Q⃗−P⃗=(5i−2j)−(i+3j)\vec{PQ} = \vec{Q} - \vec{P} = (5\mathbf{i} - 2\mathbf{j}) - (\mathbf{i} + 3\mathbf{j})
  4. Distribute the negative sign and combine like terms.

    PQ⃗=(5−1)i+(−2−3)j=4i−5j\vec{PQ} = (5-1)\mathbf{i} + (-2-3)\mathbf{j} = 4\mathbf{i} - 5\mathbf{j}
  5. Find the magnitude of PQ⃗\vec{PQ}, denoted as ∣PQ⃗∣|\vec{PQ}|.

    If PQ⃗=xi+yj\vec{PQ} = x\mathbf{i} + y\mathbf{j}, then ∣PQ⃗∣=x2+y2|\vec{PQ}| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}.
    Here, x=4x=4 and y=−5y=-5.

    ∣PQ⃗∣=(4)2+(−5)2|\vec{PQ}| = \sqrt{(4)^2 + (-5)^2}
  6. Calculate the squares and sum them.

    ∣PQ⃗∣=16+25=41|\vec{PQ}| = \sqrt{16 + 25} = \sqrt{41}

    The vector PQ⃗\vec{PQ} is \boxed{\text{4\mathbf{i} - 5\mathbf{j}}} and its magnitude ∣PQ⃗∣|\vec{PQ}| is \boxed{\text{\sqrt{41}}}.

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