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Show that sin(2 arc sin x) = 2x / (7-4x²)

Mathematics

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Answer

To show the given identity, we will start by evaluating the left-hand side (LHS) of the equation.

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Define a substitution.

    Let θ=arcsin⁡x\theta = \arcsin x.
    This implies that sin⁡θ=x\sin \theta = x.
    The range of the principal value of arcsin⁡x\arcsin x is −π2≤θ≤π2-\frac{\pi}{2} \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2}.

  2. Apply the double angle identity for sine.

    The LHS is sin⁡(2arcsin⁡x)\sin(2 \arcsin x), which can be written as sin⁡(2θ)\sin(2\theta).
    The double angle identity for sine is:

    sin⁡(2θ)=2sin⁡θcos⁡θ\sin(2\theta) = 2 \sin \theta \cos \theta
  3. Express cos⁡θ\cos \theta in terms of xx.

    We use the Pythagorean identity sin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1.
    Substitute sin⁡θ=x\sin \theta = x:

    x2+cos⁡2θ=1x^2 + \cos^2 \theta = 1 cos⁡2θ=1−x2\cos^2 \theta = 1 - x^2

    Taking the square root of both sides:

    cos⁡θ=±1−x2\cos \theta = \pm \sqrt{1 - x^2}

    Since θ\theta is in the range [−π2,π2][-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}], the cosine function is non-negative (cos⁡θ≥0\cos \theta \ge 0).
    Therefore, we take the positive square root:

    cos⁡θ=1−x2\cos \theta = \sqrt{1 - x^2}
  4. Substitute sin⁡θ\sin \theta and cos⁡θ\cos \theta into the double angle identity.

    Substitute xx for sin⁡θ\sin \theta and 1−x2\sqrt{1 - x^2} for cos⁡θ\cos \theta into the identity from Step 2:

    sin⁡(2arcsin⁡x)=2(x)(1−x2)\sin(2 \arcsin x) = 2 (x) (\sqrt{1 - x^2}) sin⁡(2arcsin⁡x)=2x1−x2\sin(2 \arcsin x) = 2x\sqrt{1 - x^2}
  5. Compare the derived expression with the given expression.

    The problem asks to show that sin⁡(2arcsin⁡x)=2x1−x2\sin(2 \arcsin x) = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}.
    However, our derivation shows that sin⁡(2arcsin⁡x)=2x1−x2\sin(2 \arcsin x) = 2x\sqrt{1 - x^2}.
    These two expressions are generally not equal. For them to be equal:

    2x1−x2=2x1−x22x\sqrt{1 - x^2} = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}

    If x≠0x \ne 0, we can divide both sides by 2x2x:

    1−x2=11−x2\sqrt{1 - x^2} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}

    Squaring both sides:

    1−x2=11 - x^2 = 1 x2=0x^2 = 0 x=0x = 0

    This means the given identity sin⁡(2arcsin⁡x)=2x1−x2\sin(2 \arcsin x) = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} is only true for x=0x=0. For any other value of xx within the domain of arcsin⁡x\arcsin x (i.e., −1≤x≤1-1 \le x \le 1), the statement is false.

    Therefore, the statement sin⁡(2arcsin⁡x)=2x1−x2\sin(2 \arcsin x) = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} is not generally true. The correct identity is sin⁡(2arcsin⁡x)=2x1−x2\sin(2 \arcsin x) = 2x\sqrt{1 - x^2}.

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