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The second and fourth terms of a geometric progression are 6 and 1.5 respectively. Find the common ratio and the first term, S term, sum to infinity of the progression.

Mathematics

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Answers

3 parts
a(i)

12\frac{1}{2}

12
a(ii)

332\frac{3}{32}

Step-by-step solution

8 steps

Here's how to solve the problem:

The nn-th term of a geometric progression is given by the formula Tn=arn−1T_n = ar^{n-1}, where aa is the first term and rr is the common ratio.

We are given:
The second term (T2T_2) is 6.
The fourth term (T4T_4) is 1.5.

Part a(i)· 3 steps

Find the common ratio and the first term.

  1. Set up equations using the given information.

    For the second term:

    T2=ar2−1=ar=6(1)T_2 = ar^{2-1} = ar = 6 \quad (1)

    For the fourth term:

    T4=ar4−1=ar3=1.5(2)T_4 = ar^{4-1} = ar^3 = 1.5 \quad (2)
  2. Solve for the common ratio rr.

    Divide equation (2) by equation (1):

    ar3ar=1.56\frac{ar^3}{ar} = \frac{1.5}{6} r2=1.56r^2 = \frac{1.5}{6} r2=1560r^2 = \frac{15}{60} r2=14r^2 = \frac{1}{4}

    Taking the square root, r=±14=±12r = \pm \sqrt{\frac{1}{4}} = \pm \frac{1}{2}.
    Since the given terms (6 and 1.5) are positive, we assume the common ratio is positive unless otherwise specified, leading to a progression with all positive terms.

    r=12r = \frac{1}{2}
  3. Solve for the first term aa.

    Substitute r=12r = \frac{1}{2} into equation (1):

    a(12)=6a \left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = 6 a=6×2a = 6 \times 2 a=12a = 12

    The common ratio is 12\boxed{\frac{1}{2}} and the first term is 12\boxed{12}.

Part a(ii)

332\frac{3}{32}

Find the 8th term.

  1. Use the formula for the nn-th term, Tn=arn−1T_n = ar^{n-1}.

    For the 8th term, n=8n=8.

    T8=ar8−1=ar7T_8 = ar^{8-1} = ar^7
  2. Substitute the values of a=12a=12 and r=12r=\frac{1}{2}.

    T8=12(12)7T_8 = 12 \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^7 T8=12×1128T_8 = 12 \times \frac{1}{128} T8=12128T_8 = \frac{12}{128}
  3. Simplify the fraction.

    T8=332T_8 = \frac{3}{32}

    The 8th term is 332\boxed{\frac{3}{32}}.

Part a(iii)24

Find the sum to infinity of the progression.

  1. Use the formula for the sum to infinity of a geometric progression, S∞=a1−rS_\infty = \frac{a}{1-r}, which is valid when ∣r∣<1|r| < 1.

    Here, a=12a=12 and r=12r=\frac{1}{2}. Since ∣r∣=∣12∣=12<1|r| = \left|\frac{1}{2}\right| = \frac{1}{2} < 1, the sum to infinity exists.

  2. Substitute the values of aa and rr into the formula.

    S∞=121−12S_\infty = \frac{12}{1 - \frac{1}{2}} S∞=1212S_\infty = \frac{12}{\frac{1}{2}} S∞=12×2S_\infty = 12 \times 2 S∞=24S_\infty = 24

    The sum to infinity of the progression is 24\boxed{24}.

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