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Using appropriate right-angled triangles, show how the above values in the table were obtained.

Mathematics

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Hapa chini tunaonyesha jinsi thamani za trigonometria zilivyopatikana kwa kutumia pembetatu mraba.

  1. Kupata thamani za 45∘45^\circ

    Tunatumia pembetatu mraba yenye pande mbili sawa (isosceles right-angled triangle).
    Fikiria pembetatu mraba yenye pande fupi zenye urefu 1 kila moja. Pembe zake zitakuwa 45∘45^\circ, 45∘45^\circ, na 90∘90^\circ.
    Kwa kutumia Theorem ya Pythagoras, urefu wa hypotenuse (hh) ni:

    h=12+12=1+1=2h = \sqrt{1^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{1 + 1} = \sqrt{2}

    Sasa tunaweza kuhesabu thamani za trigonometria kwa 45∘45^\circ:

    sin⁡45∘=upande wa pilihypotenuse=12\sin 45^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa pili}}{\text{hypotenuse}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} cos⁡45∘=upande wa karibuhypotenuse=12\cos 45^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa karibu}}{\text{hypotenuse}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} tan⁡45∘=upande wa piliupande wa karibu=11=1\tan 45^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa pili}}{\text{upande wa karibu}} = \frac{1}{1} = 1
  2. Kupata thamani za 30∘30^\circ na 60∘60^\circ

    Tunatumia pembetatu pacha (equilateral triangle) yenye urefu wa pande 2. Pembe zote ni 60∘60^\circ.
    Chora mstari wa wima kutoka kwenye kipeo kimoja hadi katikati ya upande wa pili. Mstari huu hugawanya pembetatu pacha katika pembetatu mbili za mraba zenye pembe za 30∘30^\circ, 60∘60^\circ, na 90∘90^\circ.
    Katika kila pembetatu mraba:

    • Hypotenuse ni 2.
    • Upande wa karibu na 60∘60^\circ (au upande wa pili wa 30∘30^\circ) ni 1 (nusu ya upande wa pembetatu pacha).
    • Kwa kutumia Theorem ya Pythagoras, urefu wa upande wa pili wa 60∘60^\circ (au upande wa karibu na 30∘30^\circ) ni hh:
    h2+12=22h^2 + 1^2 = 2^2 h2+1=4h^2 + 1 = 4 h2=3h^2 = 3 h=3h = \sqrt{3}
  3. Kuhesabu thamani za 30∘30^\circ na 60∘60^\circ

    Kwa pembe ya 30∘30^\circ:

    • Upande wa pili ni 1.
    • Upande wa karibu ni 3\sqrt{3}.
    • Hypotenuse ni 2.
    sin⁡30∘=upande wa pilihypotenuse=12\sin 30^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa pili}}{\text{hypotenuse}} = \frac{1}{2} cos⁡30∘=upande wa karibuhypotenuse=32\cos 30^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa karibu}}{\text{hypotenuse}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} tan⁡30∘=upande wa piliupande wa karibu=13\tan 30^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa pili}}{\text{upande wa karibu}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}

    Kwa pembe ya 60∘60^\circ:

    • Upande wa pili ni 3\sqrt{3}.
    • Upande wa karibu ni 1.
    • Hypotenuse ni 2.
    sin⁡60∘=upande wa pilihypotenuse=32\sin 60^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa pili}}{\text{hypotenuse}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} cos⁡60∘=upande wa karibuhypotenuse=12\cos 60^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa karibu}}{\text{hypotenuse}} = \frac{1}{2} tan⁡60∘=upande wa piliupande wa karibu=31=3\tan 60^\circ = \frac{\text{upande wa pili}}{\text{upande wa karibu}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{1} = \sqrt{3}

    Hivyo, thamani zote kwenye jedwali zimepatikana kwa kutumia pembetatu mraba.

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