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Find the values of the following limits: 1) Lim (3-x)/(2+x) as x->2, 2) Lim (x2-9)/(x-3) as x->3, 3) Lim (x3-8)/(x2-4) as x->2, 4) Lim (sqrt(1+x2)-sqrt(1-x))/x2 as x->0, 5) Lim [(1-x2)/(1+x)] as x->+1

Mathematics

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20 steps

Here are the values of the given limits:

1) lim⁡x→23−x2+x\lim_{x \to 2} \frac{3-x}{2+x}

  1. Substitute x=2x=2 into the expression.

    lim⁡x→23−x2+x=3−22+2\lim_{x \to 2} \frac{3-x}{2+x} = \frac{3-2}{2+2}
  2. Simplify the expression.

    14\frac{1}{4}

    The value of the limit is 14\boxed{\frac{1}{4}}.

    2) lim⁡x→3x2−9x−3\lim_{x \to 3} \frac{x^2-9}{x-3}

  3. Factor the numerator using the difference of squares formula, a2−b2=(a−b)(a+b)a^2-b^2=(a-b)(a+b).

    lim⁡x→3(x−3)(x+3)x−3\lim_{x \to 3} \frac{(x-3)(x+3)}{x-3}
  4. Cancel out the common factor (x−3)(x-3).

    lim⁡x→3(x+3)\lim_{x \to 3} (x+3)
  5. Substitute x=3x=3 into the simplified expression.

    3+3=63+3 = 6

    The value of the limit is 6\boxed{6}.

    3) lim⁡x→2x3−8x2−4\lim_{x \to 2} \frac{x^3-8}{x^2-4}

  6. Factor the numerator using the difference of cubes formula, a3−b3=(a−b)(a2+ab+b2)a^3-b^3=(a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2), and the denominator using the difference of squares formula.

    lim⁡x→2(x−2)(x2+2x+4)(x−2)(x+2)\lim_{x \to 2} \frac{(x-2)(x^2+2x+4)}{(x-2)(x+2)}
  7. Cancel out the common factor (x−2)(x-2).

    lim⁡x→2x2+2x+4x+2\lim_{x \to 2} \frac{x^2+2x+4}{x+2}
  8. Substitute x=2x=2 into the simplified expression.

    22+2(2)+42+2=4+4+44=124=3\frac{2^2+2(2)+4}{2+2} = \frac{4+4+4}{4} = \frac{12}{4} = 3

    The value of the limit is 3\boxed{3}.

    4) lim⁡x→01+x2−1−xx2\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x}}{x^2}

  9. Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the numerator, which is 1+x2+1−x\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x}.

    lim⁡x→01+x2−1−xx2⋅1+x2+1−x1+x2+1−x\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x}}{x^2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x}}{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x}}
  10. Expand the numerator using (a−b)(a+b)=a2−b2(a-b)(a+b)=a^2-b^2.

    lim⁡x→0(1+x2)−(1−x)x2(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(1+x^2)-(1-x)}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}
  11. Simplify the numerator.

    lim⁡x→01+x2−1+xx2(1+x2+1−x)=lim⁡x→0x2+xx2(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1+x^2-1+x}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x^2+x}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}
  12. Factor out xx from the numerator.

    lim⁡x→0x(x+1)x2(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x(x+1)}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}
  13. Cancel out a common factor of xx.

    lim⁡x→0x+1x(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x+1}{x(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}

    Upon re-evaluating, there was a mistake in the previous step. The xx in the denominator is x2x^2, so after canceling one xx, there is still an xx left in the denominator. Let's re-do from Step 3.

    Corrected Step 3: Simplify the numerator.

    lim⁡x→01+x2−1+xx2(1+x2+1−x)=lim⁡x→0x2+xx2(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1+x^2-1+x}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x^2+x}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}

    Corrected Step 4: Factor out xx from the numerator.

    lim⁡x→0x(x+1)x2(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x(x+1)}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}

    Corrected Step 5: Cancel out a common factor of xx.

    lim⁡x→0x+1x(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x+1}{x(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}

    This still results in 10\frac{1}{0} if we substitute x=0x=0. Let's check the original problem again.
    The problem is lim⁡x→01+x2−1−xx2\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x}}{x^2}.
    Numerator: (1+x2)−(1−x)=x2+x(1+x^2) - (1-x) = x^2+x.
    So, x2+xx2(1+x2+1−x)=x(x+1)x2(1+x2+1−x)=x+1x(1+x2+1−x)\frac{x^2+x}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} = \frac{x(x+1)}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} = \frac{x+1}{x(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}.
    This limit does not exist because the denominator approaches 0 while the numerator approaches 1.
    Let's re-examine the problem statement or my interpretation.
    The problem is lim⁡x→01+x2−1−xx2\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x}}{x^2}.
    If the problem was lim⁡x→01+x2−1−xx\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x}}{x}, then after multiplying by conjugate, we would get x2+xx(1+x2+1−x)=x(x+1)x(1+x2+1−x)=x+11+x2+1−x\frac{x^2+x}{x(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} = \frac{x(x+1)}{x(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} = \frac{x+1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x}}.
    Substituting x=0x=0 would give 11+1=12\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}} = \frac{1}{2}.
    However, the denominator is x2x^2.

    Let's re-check the algebra carefully.

    lim⁡x→01+x2−1−xx2\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x}}{x^2}

    Multiply by conjugate:

    lim⁡x→01+x2−1−xx2⋅1+x2+1−x1+x2+1−x\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x}}{x^2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x}}{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x}} =lim⁡x→0(1+x2)−(1−x)x2(1+x2+1−x)= \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(1+x^2)-(1-x)}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} =lim⁡x→01+x2−1+xx2(1+x2+1−x)= \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1+x^2-1+x}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} =lim⁡x→0x2+xx2(1+x2+1−x)= \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x^2+x}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} =lim⁡x→0x(x+1)x2(1+x2+1−x)= \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x(x+1)}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} =lim⁡x→0x+1x(1+x2+1−x)= \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x+1}{x(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}

    As x→0x \to 0, the numerator approaches 0+1=10+1=1.
    As x→0x \to 0, the denominator approaches 0⋅(1+02+1−0)=0⋅(1+1)=00 \cdot (\sqrt{1+0^2}+\sqrt{1-0}) = 0 \cdot (1+1) = 0.
    Since the numerator approaches a non-zero number and the denominator approaches zero, the limit does not exist.
    More specifically, if x→0+x \to 0^+, the denominator is x⋅(positive number)→0+x \cdot (\text{positive number}) \to 0^+, so the limit is +∞+\infty.
    If x→0−x \to 0^-, the denominator is x⋅(positive number)→0−x \cdot (\text{positive number}) \to 0^-, so the limit is −∞-\infty.
    Since the left and right limits are different, the limit does not exist.

    Let's consider if L'Hopital's Rule is applicable.
    The form is 00\frac{0}{0}.
    Let f(x)=1+x2−1−xf(x) = \sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x} and g(x)=x2g(x) = x^2.
    f′(x)=121+x2(2x)−121−x(−1)=x1+x2+121−xf'(x) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1+x^2}}(2x) - \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-x}}(-1) = \frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}} + \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-x}}
    g′(x)=2xg'(x) = 2x

    lim⁡x→0f′(x)g′(x)=lim⁡x→0x1+x2+121−x2x\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}} + \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-x}}}{2x} =lim⁡x→0(x2x1+x2+14x1−x)= \lim_{x \to 0} \left( \frac{x}{2x\sqrt{1+x^2}} + \frac{1}{4x\sqrt{1-x}} \right) =lim⁡x→0(121+x2+14x1−x)= \lim_{x \to 0} \left( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1+x^2}} + \frac{1}{4x\sqrt{1-x}} \right)

    As x→0x \to 0, the first term approaches 121=12\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}} = \frac{1}{2}.
    The second term approaches 10\frac{1}{0}, which means it does not exist.
    So, L'Hopital's Rule also indicates the limit does not exist.

    It's possible the problem intended a different denominator or a different numerator. Given the image, x2x^2 is clearly the denominator.
    I will state that the limit does not exist.

  14. Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the numerator.

    lim⁡x→01+x2−1−xx2⋅1+x2+1−x1+x2+1−x\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x}}{x^2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x}}{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x}}
  15. Simplify the numerator using (a−b)(a+b)=a2−b2(a-b)(a+b)=a^2-b^2.

    lim⁡x→0(1+x2)−(1−x)x2(1+x2+1−x)=lim⁡x→0x2+xx2(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(1+x^2)-(1-x)}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x^2+x}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}
  16. Factor out xx from the numerator and cancel one xx with the denominator.

    lim⁡x→0x(x+1)x2(1+x2+1−x)=lim⁡x→0x+1x(1+x2+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x(x+1)}{x^2(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x+1}{x(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x})}
  17. Evaluate the limit.

    As x→0x \to 0, the numerator approaches 0+1=10+1=1. The denominator approaches 0⋅(1+02+1−0)=0⋅(1+1)=00 \cdot (\sqrt{1+0^2}+\sqrt{1-0}) = 0 \cdot (1+1) = 0.
    Since the numerator approaches a non-zero value and the denominator approaches zero, the limit does not exist.
    The value of the limit is Does Not Exist\boxed{\text{Does Not Exist}}.

    5) lim⁡x→11−x21+x\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{1-x^2}{1+x}

  18. Factor the numerator using the difference of squares formula, a2−b2=(a−b)(a+b)a^2-b^2=(a-b)(a+b).

    lim⁡x→1(1−x)(1+x)1+x\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{(1-x)(1+x)}{1+x}
  19. Cancel out the common factor (1+x)(1+x).

    lim⁡x→1(1−x)\lim_{x \to 1} (1-x)
  20. Substitute x=1x=1 into the simplified expression.

    1−1=01-1 = 0

    The value of the limit is 0\boxed{0}.

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