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Evaluate the work done integral_C F* dr by the vector field F(x,y) = y−x, x along the straight line segment from (2,0) to (0,2).

Mathematics

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2

Step-by-step solution

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To evaluate the work done by a vector field F\mathbf{F} along a curve CC, we compute the line integral ∫CF⋅dr\int_C \mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r}.

  1. Parameterize the line segment CC.

    The line segment goes from P0(2,0)P_0(2,0) to P1(0,2)P_1(0,2). We can parameterize it as r(t)=(1−t)P0+tP1r(t) = (1-t)P_0 + tP_1 for 0≤t≤10 \le t \le 1.

    r(t)=(1−t)⟨2,0⟩+t⟨0,2⟩r(t) = (1-t)\langle 2,0 \rangle + t\langle 0,2 \rangle r(t)=⟨2(1−t),0⟩+⟨0,2t⟩r(t) = \langle 2(1-t), 0 \rangle + \langle 0, 2t \rangle r(t)=⟨2−2t,2t⟩r(t) = \langle 2-2t, 2t \rangle

    So, x(t)=2−2tx(t) = 2-2t and y(t)=2ty(t) = 2t.

  2. Calculate drd\mathbf{r}.

    First, find the derivative of r(t)r(t):

    r′(t)=⟨ddt(2−2t),ddt(2t)⟩=⟨−2,2⟩r'(t) = \left\langle \frac{d}{dt}(2-2t), \frac{d}{dt}(2t) \right\rangle = \langle -2, 2 \rangle

    Then, dr=r′(t) dt=⟨−2,2⟩ dtd\mathbf{r} = r'(t) \, dt = \langle -2, 2 \rangle \, dt.

  3. Express the vector field F(x,y)\mathbf{F}(x,y) in terms of tt.

    The given vector field is F(x,y)=⟨y−x,x⟩\mathbf{F}(x,y) = \langle y-x, x \rangle.
    Substitute x=2−2tx=2-2t and y=2ty=2t:

    F(x(t),y(t))=⟨(2t)−(2−2t),(2−2t)⟩\mathbf{F}(x(t), y(t)) = \langle (2t) - (2-2t), (2-2t) \rangle F(x(t),y(t))=⟨2t−2+2t,2−2t⟩\mathbf{F}(x(t), y(t)) = \langle 2t - 2 + 2t, 2-2t \rangle F(x(t),y(t))=⟨4t−2,2−2t⟩\mathbf{F}(x(t), y(t)) = \langle 4t - 2, 2-2t \rangle
  4. Compute the dot product F⋅dr\mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r}.

    F⋅dr=⟨4t−2,2−2t⟩⋅⟨−2,2⟩ dt\mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = \langle 4t - 2, 2-2t \rangle \cdot \langle -2, 2 \rangle \, dt F⋅dr=((4t−2)(−2)+(2−2t)(2)) dt\mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = ((4t - 2)(-2) + (2-2t)(2)) \, dt F⋅dr=(−8t+4+4−4t) dt\mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = (-8t + 4 + 4 - 4t) \, dt F⋅dr=(−12t+8) dt\mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = (-12t + 8) \, dt
  5. Evaluate the definite integral.

    The work done is ∫CF⋅dr=∫01(−12t+8) dt\int_C \mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = \int_0^1 (-12t + 8) \, dt.

    ∫01(−12t+8) dt=[−12t22+8t]01\int_0^1 (-12t + 8) \, dt = \left[ -12\frac{t^2}{2} + 8t \right]_0^1 =[−6t2+8t]01= \left[ -6t^2 + 8t \right]_0^1

    Now, evaluate at the limits of integration:

    =(−6(1)2+8(1))−(−6(0)2+8(0))= (-6(1)^2 + 8(1)) - (-6(0)^2 + 8(0)) =(−6+8)−(0)= (-6 + 8) - (0) =2= 2

    The work done is 2.

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