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Find x'(t) given x(t) = 10 / (9e⁻²⁰t + 1).

Mathematics

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Answer

x˙(t)=1800e−20t(9e−20t+1)2\dot{x}(t) = \frac{1800e^{-20t}}{(9e^{-20t} + 1)^2}

Graph of x(t) = 10/(9e⁻²⁰t + 1)

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Key points of x(t) = 10/(9e⁻²⁰t + 1)
Pointty
y-intercept010

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

To find x˙(t)\dot{x}(t), we need to differentiate x(t)x(t) with respect to tt.
Given x(t)=109e−20t+1x(t) = \frac{10}{9e^{-20t} + 1}.

  1. Rewrite the function using a negative exponent.

    x(t)=10(9e−20t+1)−1x(t) = 10(9e^{-20t} + 1)^{-1}
  2. Apply the chain rule.

    The derivative of x(t)x(t) will be ddt[10(9e−20t+1)−1]\frac{d}{dt}[10(9e^{-20t} + 1)^{-1}].
    Let u=9e−20t+1u = 9e^{-20t} + 1. Then x(t)=10u−1x(t) = 10u^{-1}.
    The chain rule states dxdt=dxdu⋅dudt\frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{dx}{du} \cdot \frac{du}{dt}.
    First, find dxdu\frac{dx}{du}:

    dxdu=ddu(10u−1)=10(−1)u−2=−10u−2\frac{dx}{du} = \frac{d}{du}(10u^{-1}) = 10(-1)u^{-2} = -10u^{-2}
  3. Find dudt\frac{du}{dt}.

    u=9e−20t+1u = 9e^{-20t} + 1 dudt=ddt(9e−20t+1)\frac{du}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt}(9e^{-20t} + 1)

    Differentiate 9e−20t9e^{-20t}: Use the chain rule again. Let w=−20tw = -20t, so dwdt=−20\frac{dw}{dt} = -20.

    ddt(9e−20t)=9⋅e−20t⋅(−20)=−180e−20t\frac{d}{dt}(9e^{-20t}) = 9 \cdot e^{-20t} \cdot (-20) = -180e^{-20t}

    The derivative of the constant 1 is 0.
    So, dudt=−180e−20t\frac{du}{dt} = -180e^{-20t}

  4. Substitute dxdu\frac{dx}{du} and dudt\frac{du}{dt} back into the chain rule formula.

    x˙(t)=(−10u−2)⋅(−180e−20t)\dot{x}(t) = (-10u^{-2}) \cdot (-180e^{-20t})

    Substitute u=9e−20t+1u = 9e^{-20t} + 1 back into the expression.

    x˙(t)=−10(9e−20t+1)−2⋅(−180e−20t)\dot{x}(t) = -10(9e^{-20t} + 1)^{-2} \cdot (-180e^{-20t})
  5. Simplify the expression.

    x˙(t)=(−10)(−180e−20t)(9e−20t+1)2\dot{x}(t) = \frac{(-10)(-180e^{-20t})}{(9e^{-20t} + 1)^2} x˙(t)=1800e−20t(9e−20t+1)2\dot{x}(t) = \boxed{\frac{1800e^{-20t}}{(9e^{-20t} + 1)^2}}
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