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A 10 kg box is on a horizontal surface. A force of 200 N is applied at an angle of 30 degrees below the horizontal. The box moves at a constant speed. Calculate the normal force and the friction force

Physics

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Answer

b

33.3 kg\mathbf{33.3 \, \text{kg}}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

Part a

A diagram illustrating the forces acting on the box would show

  • A horizontal surface with a box on it.
  • The weight of the box, W=mgW = mg, acting vertically downwards from the center of the box.
  • The normal force, NN, acting vertically upwards from the surface, perpendicular to the floor.
  • The applied force, F=200 NF = 200 \, \text{N}, acting at an angle of 30∘30^\circ below the horizontal, pushing the box. This force can be resolved into two components:
    • A horizontal component, Fx=Fcos⁡30∘F_x = F \cos 30^\circ, acting in the direction of motion.
    • A vertical component, Fy=Fsin⁡30∘F_y = F \sin 30^\circ, acting vertically downwards.
  • The kinetic friction force, fk=μNf_k = \mu N, acting horizontally opposite to the direction of motion.

Part b

33.3 kg\mathbf{33.3 \, \text{kg}}

  1. Identify the conditions for constant speed.

    Since the box moves at a constant speed, its acceleration is zero. This means the net force acting on the box in both the horizontal and vertical directions is zero.

    ∑Fx=0\sum F_x = 0 ∑Fy=0\sum F_y = 0
  2. Resolve forces in the vertical direction.

    The forces acting vertically are the normal force (NN) upwards, the weight (mgmg) downwards, and the vertical component of the applied force (Fsin⁡30∘F \sin 30^\circ) downwards.

    N−mg−Fsin⁡30∘=0N - mg - F \sin 30^\circ = 0 N=mg+Fsin⁡30∘N = mg + F \sin 30^\circ
  3. Resolve forces in the horizontal direction.

    The forces acting horizontally are the horizontal component of the applied force (Fcos⁡30∘F \cos 30^\circ) in the direction of motion and the kinetic friction force (fk=μNf_k = \mu N) opposite to the direction of motion.

    Fcos⁡30∘−fk=0F \cos 30^\circ - f_k = 0 Fcos⁡30∘−μN=0F \cos 30^\circ - \mu N = 0
  4. Substitute the expression for NN into the horizontal force equation and solve for mm.

    We are given F=200 NF = 200 \, \text{N}, μ=0.4\mu = 0.4, θ=30∘\theta = 30^\circ, and g=10 m/s2g = 10 \, \text{m/s}^2.

    Fcos⁡30∘−μ(mg+Fsin⁡30∘)=0F \cos 30^\circ - \mu (mg + F \sin 30^\circ) = 0

    Substitute the known values:

    200cos⁡30∘−0.4(m⋅10+200sin⁡30∘)=0200 \cos 30^\circ - 0.4 (m \cdot 10 + 200 \sin 30^\circ) = 0

    Using cos⁡30∘=32\cos 30^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} and sin⁡30∘=12\sin 30^\circ = \frac{1}{2}:

    200(32)−0.4(10m+200⋅12)=0200 \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) - 0.4 \left(10m + 200 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) = 0 1003−0.4(10m+100)=0100\sqrt{3} - 0.4 (10m + 100) = 0 1003−4m−40=0100\sqrt{3} - 4m - 40 = 0

    Rearrange to solve for mm:

    4m=1003−404m = 100\sqrt{3} - 40 m=1003−404m = \frac{100\sqrt{3} - 40}{4} m=253−10m = 25\sqrt{3} - 10

    Calculate the numerical value:

    m≈25(1.732)−10m \approx 25(1.732) - 10 m≈43.3−10m \approx 43.3 - 10 m≈33.3 kgm \approx 33.3 \, \text{kg}

    The value of mm is 33.3 kg\boxed{\mathbf{33.3 \, \text{kg}}}.

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