a) Find the magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction, Fe, between the electron and the proton. b) Find the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction, Fg, between the electron and th

Here is the solution for question 8. Question 8: a) Find the magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction, F_e, between the electron and the proton. b) Find the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction, F_g, between the electron and the proton, and then find the ratio F_e/F_g. Given values: Charge of electron, q_e = -1.602 × 10^-19 C Charge of proton, q_p = +1.602 × 10^-19 C Mass of electron, m_e = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg Mass of proton, m_p = 1.67 × 10^-27 kg Coulomb's constant, k = 8.987 × 10^9 N m^2/C^2 Gravitational constant, G = 6.674 × 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2 The distance between the electron and proton is not given, but to match the provided answer, we use the Bohr radius, r = 5.29 × 10^-11 m. a) Electrostatic force (F_e): Step 1: Use Coulomb's Law to calculate the electrostatic force. F_e = k (|q_e q_p|)/(r^2) Step 2: Substitute the given values into the formula. F_e = (8.987 × 10^9 N m^2/C^2) |(-1.602 × 10^-19 C)(1.602 × 10^-19 C)|(5.29 × 10^-11 m)^2 Step 3: Calculate the force. F_e = (8.987 × 10^9) 2.566404 × 10^-382.798441 × 10^-21 F_e = (8.987 × 10^9) × (9.1709 × 10^-18) F_e = 8.24 × 10^-8 N The magnitude of the electrostatic force is 8.24 × 10^-8 N. b) Gravitational force (F_g) and ratio (F_e/F_g): Step 1: Use Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation to calculate the gravitational force. F_g = G (m_e m_p)/(r^2) Step 2: Substitute the given values into the formula. F_g = (6.674 × 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2) (9.11 × 10^-31 kg)(1.67 × 10^-27 kg)(5.29 × 10^-11 m)^2 Step 3: Calculate the force. F_g = (6.674 × 10^-11) 1.52137 × 10^-572.798441 × 10^-21 F_g = (6.674 × 10^-11) × (5.4365 × 10^-37) F_g = 3.629 × 10^-47 N Step 4: Calculate the ratio F_e/F_g. (F_e)/(F_g) = 8.24 × 10^-8 N3.629 × 10^-47 N (F_e)/(F_g) = 2.27 × 10^39 The magnitude of the gravitational force is 3.63 × 10^-47 N and the ratio $F_e