This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
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Huu hapa ni ufumbuzi wa swali la 11: a) Njia tatu za uhamishaji wa joto ni: • Uendeshaji (Conduction): Hii hutokea wakati joto linahamishwa kupitia mgusano wa moja kwa moja kati ya chembechembe za nyenzo, hasa katika yabisi, bila uhamishaji wa nyenzo yenyewe. • Mkusanyiko (Convection): Hii ni uhamishaji wa joto kupitia harakati ya maji (vimiminika au gesi). Chembechembe zenye joto huhamia maeneo baridi, zikibeba nishati ya joto. • Mionzi (Radiation): Hii ni uhamishaji wa joto kupitia mawimbi ya sumakuumeme, kama vile mwanga wa infrared, na hauhitaji kati yoyote kuhamisha joto. b) Kuamua kiasi cha nishati ya joto inayohitajika kubadilisha 400 g ya barafu, kuanzia -20°C, kuwa mvuke kwenye 120°C. Hatua ya 1: Badilisha masi kutoka gramu kwenda kilogramu. Masi m = 400 g = 0.4 kg Hatua ya 2: Kokotoa joto linalohitajika kuinua halijoto ya barafu kutoka -20^ hadi 0^. Tumia fomula Q = mc T. Q_1 = (0.4 kg) × (2.1 kJ/(kg^)) × (0^ - (-20^)) Q_1 = (0.4 kg) × (2.1 kJ/(kg^)) × (20^) Q_1 = 16.8 kJ Hatua ya 3: Kokotoa joto linalohitajika kuyeyusha barafu kwenye 0^ (joto fiche la kuyeyuka). Tumia fomula Q = mL_f. Q_2 = (0.4 kg) × (335 kJ/kg) Q_2 = 134 kJ Hatua ya 4: Kokotoa joto linalohitajika kuinua halijoto ya maji kutoka 0^ hadi 100^. Tumia fomula Q = mc T. Q_3 = (0.4 kg) × (4.2 kJ/(kg^)) × (100^ - 0^) Q_3 = (0.4 kg) × (4.2 kJ/(kg^)) × (100^) Q_3 = 168 kJ Hatua ya 5: Kokotoa joto linalohitajika kubadilisha maji kuwa mvuke kwenye 100^ (joto fiche la mvuke). Tumia fomula Q = mL_v. Q_4 = (0.4 kg) × (2260 kJ/kg) Q_4 = 904 kJ Hatua ya 6: Kokotoa joto linalohitajika kuinua halijoto ya mvuke kutoka 100^ hadi 120^. Tumia fomula Q = mc T. Q_5 = (0.4 kg) × (2.01 kJ/(kg^)) × (120^ - 100^) Q_5 = (0.4 kg) × (2.01 kJ/(kg^)) × (20^) Q_5 = 16.08 kJ Hatua ya 7: Jumlisha kiasi chote cha joto kinachohitajika. Q_jumla = Q_1 + Q_2 + Q_3 + Q_4 + Q_5 Q_jumla = 16.8 kJ + 134 kJ + 168 kJ + 904 kJ + 16.08 kJ Q_jumla = 1238.88 kJ Tuma swali linalofuata 📸