This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
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1. Four effects of force on a body are: It can change the shape or size* of the body (deformation). It can change the state of motion* of the body (start moving, stop moving, change speed, or change direction). It can cause the body to rotate*. It can cause stress and strain* within the body. 2. Four properties of metals are: Ductility*: The ability to be drawn into wires. Malleability*: The ability to be hammered or pressed into thin sheets without breaking. Good electrical conductivity*: They allow electric current to pass through them easily. Good thermal conductivity*: They transfer heat efficiently. 3. Four other ways to reduce friction (besides polishing/smoothing surfaces) are: Lubrication*: Applying oil, grease, or other lubricants between surfaces. Using ball bearings or roller bearings*: These convert sliding friction into rolling friction, which is much lower. Streamlining*: Designing objects with shapes that reduce air or fluid resistance. Using wheels*: This replaces sliding friction with rolling friction. 4. Step 1: Calculate the radius and area of the piston. The diameter D = 10 cm = 0.1 m. The radius r = (D)/(2) = (0.1)/(2) = 0.05 m. The area A = r^2 = (0.05)^2. A = (0.05\, m)^2 = 0.0025\, m^2 ≈ 0.007854\, m^2 Step 2: Calculate the pressure. The force F = 1000 N. Pressure P = (F)/(A). P = 1000\, N0.0025\, m^2 = (400000)/()\, Pa P ≈ (400000)/(3.14159)\, Pa ≈ 127323.95\, Pa The pressure on the piston is 127324 Pa. 5. Step 1: Convert the velocity from km/h to m/s. v = 72\, kmh × 1000\, m1\, km × 1\, h3600\, s v = (72 × 1000)/(3600)\, ms = 20\, ms Step 2: Calculate the attractive power. The force resisting motion F = 800 N. Since the lorry is moving at a constant velocity, the attractive force must be equal to the resisting force. Power P = F × v. P = 800\, N × 20\, ms = 16000\, W The attractive power necessary is 16000 W. 6. Five factors to consider when selecting engineering materials for high-temperature operation are: High melting point*: The material must remain solid and stable at the operating temperature. Creep resistance*: Ability to resist permanent deformation under prolonged stress at high temperatures. Oxidation/Corrosion resistance*: Resistance to chemical degradation when exposed to high temperatures and reactive environments. Thermal expansion coefficient*: A low coefficient is desirable to minimize dimensional changes and thermal stresses. High-temperature strength*: The material must retain sufficient mechanical strength and hardness at elevated temperatures. 7. i. Density: The mass per unit volume of a substance. It is calculated as = (m)/(V), where m is mass and V is volume. ii. Relative density: The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance. For liquids and solids, the reference substance is usually water at 4^. It is a dimensionless quantity. 8. Quantities in engineering and science are divided into scalar and vector quantities. Scalar quantities have only magnitude*. Examples include mass, temperature, distance, speed, and energy. Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction*. Examples include force, velocity, displacement, acceleration, and momentum. 9. i. Mechanical energy into electrical energy: Generator or Dynamo. ii. Heat energy into electrical energy: Thermoelectric generator or Thermocouple. iii. Chemical energy into electrical energy: Battery or Fuel cell. iv. Electrical energy into light energy: Light bulb (e.g., incandescent, LED) or Fluorescent lamp. 10. i. Stable equilibrium: An object is in stable equilibrium if, when slightly displaced from its equilibrium position, it tends to return to that position. This occurs when the center of gravity is at its lowest possible point. Sketch for stable equilibrium: A cone resting on its base. If you tilt it slightly, it will return to its original position. ` /\ / \ /____\ ------ ` (Imagine a cone standing upright on its wide base. If pushed slightly, it wobbles and settles back.) What's next? Send 'em! 📸