This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
ScanSolve AI Answer
You're on a roll — Here's the solution to question 18: 18. Calculate i) The force exerted on piston A. Step 1: Apply the principle of moments for the lever. The moment about the pivot due to the applied force must equal the moment due to the force on piston A. F_applied × d_applied = F_A × d_A Given: Applied force, F_applied = 80 N Distance from pivot to applied force, d_applied = 28 cm Distance from pivot to piston A, d_A = 4 cm Step 2: Substitute the values and solve for F_A. 80 N × 28 cm = F_A × 4 cm F_A = 80 N × 28 cm4 cm F_A = 80 N × 7 F_A = 560 N ii) The force exerted on piston B. Step 1: Apply Pascal's principle. The pressure exerted by piston A on the hydraulic fluid is transmitted equally to piston B. P_A = P_B (F_A)/(A_A) = (F_B)/(A_B) Given: Force on piston A, F_A = 560 N (from part i) Area of piston A, A_A = 20 cm^2 Area of piston B, A_B = 100 cm^2 Step 2: Substitute the values and solve for F_B. 560 N20 cm^2 = (F_B)/(100 cm)^2 F_B = 560 N20 cm^2 × 100 cm^2 F_B = 28 N/cm^2 × 100 cm^2 F_B = 2800 N iii) List two reasons why the maximum possible height of water that can be raised by the lift pump is less than 10 m in practice. 1. Air leakage: It is difficult to create a perfect vacuum in the pump cylinder and pipe due to air leaking past the piston or through seals, which reduces the effective pressure difference. 2. Vapor pressure of water: Water itself has a vapor pressure. As the pressure above the water column is reduced, some water evaporates, filling the space with water vapor and preventing a perfect vacuum from forming. This limits the maximum height the water can be lifted. 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.