Explain briefly how solar energy is used to generate electricity

Photovoltaic (PV) cells directly convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight strikes semiconductor materials (like silicon) in the PV cells, it excites electrons, creating an electric current. These cells are assembled into solar panels, which can power homes, businesses, or be part of larger solar farms.

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a small area. This concentrated light heats a fluid (like water or molten salt), which then produces steam. The steam drives a turbine connected to a generator, producing electricity, similar to how traditional power plants work.