How camera works
Physics
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Answer
A camera works by capturing light and focusing it onto a light-sensitive surface, traditionally film or a digital sensor.
- The lens gathers light from the scene and bends it to form an image.
- The aperture (an adjustable opening within the lens) controls the amount of light that enters. A wider aperture lets in more light, useful in dim conditions, while a smaller aperture reduces light, useful in bright conditions and for increasing depth of field.
- The shutter is a mechanism that controls the duration for which light is allowed to hit the sensor. A fast shutter speed freezes motion, while a slow shutter speed can blur motion or capture more light in dark scenes.
- The image sensor (in digital cameras) or film (in analog cameras) is the surface that records the light. The sensor converts light into electrical signals, which are then processed into a digital image.
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