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Calculate the cutoff frequency of a first-order low-pass filter in the circuit of Fig. 11.57 and the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter circuit in Fig. 11.58.

Physics

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Here are the solutions for problems 15, 16, and 17.

: Calculate the cutoff frequency of a first-order low-pass filter in the circuit of Fig. 11.57.

  1. Identify the components and formula for a first-order low-pass filter.

    From Fig. 11.57, the resistor R=2.2 kΩR = 2.2 \text{ k}\Omega and the capacitor C=0.05 μFC = 0.05 \text{ }\mu\text{F}.
    The cutoff frequency fcf_c for a first-order low-pass filter is given by:

    fc=12πRCf_c = \frac{1}{2\pi RC}
  2. Substitute the values and calculate fcf_c.

    R=2.2 kΩ=2.2×103ΩR = 2.2 \text{ k}\Omega = 2.2 \times 10^3 \Omega C=0.05 μF=0.05×10−6 FC = 0.05 \text{ }\mu\text{F} = 0.05 \times 10^{-6} \text{ F} fc=12π(2.2×103Ω)(0.05×10−6 F)f_c = \frac{1}{2\pi (2.2 \times 10^3 \Omega)(0.05 \times 10^{-6} \text{ F})} fc=12π(0.11×10−3)f_c = \frac{1}{2\pi (0.11 \times 10^{-3})} fc=10.00069115f_c = \frac{1}{0.00069115} fc≈1446.8 Hzf_c \approx 1446.8 \text{ Hz}

    The cutoff frequency is 1446.8 Hz\boxed{\text{1446.8 Hz}}.

    : Calculate the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter circuit in Fig. 11.58.

  3. Identify the components and formula for a first-order high-pass filter.

    From Fig. 11.58, the resistor R=20 kΩR = 20 \text{ k}\Omega and the capacitor C=0.02 μFC = 0.02 \text{ }\mu\text{F}.
    The cutoff frequency fcf_c for a first-order high-pass filter is given by:

    fc=12πRCf_c = \frac{1}{2\pi RC}
  4. Substitute the values and calculate fcf_c.

    R=20 kΩ=20×103ΩR = 20 \text{ k}\Omega = 20 \times 10^3 \Omega C=0.02 μF=0.02×10−6 FC = 0.02 \text{ }\mu\text{F} = 0.02 \times 10^{-6} \text{ F} fc=12π(20×103Ω)(0.02×10−6 F)f_c = \frac{1}{2\pi (20 \times 10^3 \Omega)(0.02 \times 10^{-6} \text{ F})} fc=12π(0.4×10−3)f_c = \frac{1}{2\pi (0.4 \times 10^{-3})} fc=10.00251327f_c = \frac{1}{0.00251327} fc≈397.9 Hzf_c \approx 397.9 \text{ Hz}

    The cutoff frequency is 397.9 Hz\boxed{\text{397.9 Hz}}.

    : Calculate the lower and upper cutoff frequencies of the bandpass filter circuit in Fig. 11.59.

    The circuit in Fig. 11.59 is a cascaded bandpass filter, consisting of a high-pass filter stage followed by a low-pass filter stage. The lower cutoff frequency (fcLf_{cL}) is determined by the high-pass stage, and the upper cutoff frequency (fcUf_{cU}) is determined by the low-pass stage.

  5. Calculate the lower cutoff frequency (fcLf_{cL}) from the first stage (high-pass filter).

    For the first stage:
    Resistor R1=10 kΩ=10×103ΩR_1 = 10 \text{ k}\Omega = 10 \times 10^3 \Omega
    Capacitor C1=0.05 μF=0.05×10−6 FC_1 = 0.05 \text{ }\mu\text{F} = 0.05 \times 10^{-6} \text{ F}

    fcL=12πR1C1f_{cL} = \frac{1}{2\pi R_1 C_1} fcL=12π(10×103Ω)(0.05×10−6 F)f_{cL} = \frac{1}{2\pi (10 \times 10^3 \Omega)(0.05 \times 10^{-6} \text{ F})} fcL=12π(0.5×10−3)f_{cL} = \frac{1}{2\pi (0.5 \times 10^{-3})} fcL=10.00314159f_{cL} = \frac{1}{0.00314159} fcL≈318.3 Hzf_{cL} \approx 318.3 \text{ Hz}
  6. Calculate the upper cutoff frequency (fcUf_{cU}) from the second stage (low-pass filter).

    For the second stage:
    Resistor R2=20 kΩ=20×103ΩR_2 = 20 \text{ k}\Omega = 20 \times 10^3 \Omega
    Capacitor C2=0.02 μF=0.02×10−6 FC_2 = 0.02 \text{ }\mu\text{F} = 0.02 \times 10^{-6} \text{ F}

    fcU=12πR2C2f_{cU} = \frac{1}{2\pi R_2 C_2} fcU=12π(20×103Ω)(0.02×10−6 F)f_{cU} = \frac{1}{2\pi (20 \times 10^3 \Omega)(0.02 \times 10^{-6} \text{ F})} fcU=12π(0.4×10−3)f_{cU} = \frac{1}{2\pi (0.4 \times 10^{-3})} fcU=10.00251327f_{cU} = \frac{1}{0.00251327} fcU≈397.9 Hzf_{cU} \approx 397.9 \text{ Hz}

    The lower cutoff frequency is 318.3 Hz\boxed{\text{318.3 Hz}} and the upper cutoff frequency is 397.9 Hz\boxed{\text{397.9 Hz}}.

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