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Equate potential energy to kinetic energy.

Physics

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To find the velocity acquired by the electron, we use the principle of conservation of energy. The potential energy lost by the electron as it moves through the potential difference is converted into kinetic energy.

  1. Equate potential energy to kinetic energy.

    The potential energy (PE) lost by an electron with charge ee moving through a potential difference VV is PE=eVPE = eV.
    The kinetic energy (KE) gained by an electron with mass mm and velocity vv is KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2.
    According to the conservation of energy:

    eV=12mv2eV = \frac{1}{2}mv^2
  2. Rearrange the equation to solve for velocity vv.

    Multiply both sides by 2:

    2eV=mv22eV = mv^2

    Divide by mm:

    v2=2eVmv^2 = \frac{2eV}{m}

    Take the square root of both sides:

    v=2eVmv = \sqrt{\frac{2eV}{m}}

    This can be rewritten using the given charge-to-mass ratio em\frac{e}{m}:

    v=2V(em)v = \sqrt{2V \left(\frac{e}{m}\right)}
  3. Substitute the given values into the equation.

    Given:
    Potential difference, V=3000 VV = 3000 \text{ V}
    Ratio of charge to mass, em=1.8×1011 Ckg−1\frac{e}{m} = 1.8 \times 10^{11} \text{ Ckg}^{-1}

    v=2×3000 V×1.8×1011 Ckg−1v = \sqrt{2 \times 3000 \text{ V} \times 1.8 \times 10^{11} \text{ Ckg}^{-1}} v=6000×1.8×1011v = \sqrt{6000 \times 1.8 \times 10^{11}} v=10800×1011v = \sqrt{10800 \times 10^{11}} v=10.8×103×1011v = \sqrt{10.8 \times 10^3 \times 10^{11}} v=10.8×1014v = \sqrt{10.8 \times 10^{14}}
  4. Calculate the final velocity.

    v=10.8×1014v = \sqrt{10.8} \times \sqrt{10^{14}} v≈3.286×107 ms−1v \approx 3.286 \times 10^7 \text{ ms}^{-1}

    Rounding to two significant figures, we get:

    v≈3.3×107 ms−1v \approx 3.3 \times 10^7 \text{ ms}^{-1}
  5. Compare the result with the given options.

    A. 3.3×107ms−13.3 \times 10^7 \text{ms}^{-1}
    B. 1.0×107ms−11.0 \times 10^7 \text{ms}^{-1}
    C. 3.3×104ms−13.3 \times 10^4 \text{ms}^{-1}
    D. 2.2×107ms−12.2 \times 10^7 \text{ms}^{-1}

    The calculated velocity matches option A.

    The final answer is A. 3.3×107ms−1\boxed{\text{A. } 3.3 \times 10^7 \text{ms}^{-1}}.

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