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Physics

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A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium or space without transferring matter. Waves carry energy from one point to another.

There are two main types of mechanical waves:

  • Transverse waves: The particles of the medium oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (e.g., waves on a string, electromagnetic waves).
  • Longitudinal waves: The particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation (e.g., sound waves).

Key characteristics of waves include:

  • Amplitude (A): The maximum displacement of a point of the medium from its equilibrium position.
  • Wavelength (λ): The spatial period of the wave, the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
  • Frequency (f): The number of complete oscillations or cycles per unit time.
  • Period (T): The time it takes for one complete oscillation (T = 1/f).
  • Wave speed (v): The speed at which the wave propagates through the medium, given by v = λf.
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