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Identify the circuit configuration.

Physics

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Answer

B

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

To find the energy dissipated by the 4Ω4\Omega resistor, we need to determine the power dissipated by it and then multiply by the time.

  1. Identify the circuit configuration.

    The circuit consists of two main parallel branches connected to the 60V battery.

    • The top branch contains a 3Ω3\Omega resistor in series with a parallel combination of 4Ω4\Omega and 12Ω12\Omega resistors.
    • The bottom branch contains a 6Ω6\Omega resistor.
  2. Calculate the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of the 4Ω4\Omega and 12Ω12\Omega resistors.

    Let's call this Rp1R_{p1}.

    Rp1=R1×R2R1+R2R_{p1} = \frac{R_1 \times R_2}{R_1 + R_2} Rp1=4Ω×12Ω4Ω+12Ω=48Ω216Ω=3ΩR_{p1} = \frac{4\Omega \times 12\Omega}{4\Omega + 12\Omega} = \frac{48\Omega^2}{16\Omega} = 3\Omega
  3. Calculate the total resistance of the top branch.

    Let's call this RtopR_{top}.
    The 3Ω3\Omega resistor is in series with Rp1R_{p1}.

    Rtop=3Ω+Rp1=3Ω+3Ω=6ΩR_{top} = 3\Omega + R_{p1} = 3\Omega + 3\Omega = 6\Omega
  4. Calculate the current flowing through the top branch.

    Let's call this ItopI_{top}.
    The voltage across the top branch is the battery voltage, V=60 VV = 60\text{ V}.

    Itop=VRtop=60 V6Ω=10 AI_{top} = \frac{V}{R_{top}} = \frac{60\text{ V}}{6\Omega} = 10\text{ A}
  5. Calculate the voltage across the parallel combination (Rp1R_{p1}).

    Let's call this Vp1V_{p1}.
    This voltage is the product of the current through the top branch and the equivalent resistance of the parallel part.

    Vp1=Itop×Rp1=10 A×3Ω=30 VV_{p1} = I_{top} \times R_{p1} = 10\text{ A} \times 3\Omega = 30\text{ V}

    This is the voltage across both the 4Ω4\Omega and the 12Ω12\Omega resistors.

  6. Calculate the power dissipated by the 4Ω4\Omega resistor.

    Let's call this P4ΩP_{4\Omega}.
    We can use the formula P=V2RP = \frac{V^2}{R}.

    P4Ω=Vp124Ω=(30 V)24Ω=900 V24Ω=225 WP_{4\Omega} = \frac{V_{p1}^2}{4\Omega} = \frac{(30\text{ V})^2}{4\Omega} = \frac{900\text{ V}^2}{4\Omega} = 225\text{ W}
  7. Calculate the energy dissipated by the 4Ω4\Omega resistor in 2 seconds.

    Energy E=P×tE = P \times t.

    E4Ω=P4Ω×t=225 W×2 s=450 JE_{4\Omega} = P_{4\Omega} \times t = 225\text{ W} \times 2\text{ s} = 450\text{ J}

    The energy dissipated by the 4Ω4\Omega resistor in 2 seconds is 450 J450\text{ J}.

    The correct option is B.
    B\boxed{\text{B}}

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