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Identify the components labelled II, III, and IV, draw a circuit diagram, and calculate resistance given voltage and current.

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2 parts
c

3 Ω\text{3 } \Omega

d
1

Step-by-step solution

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Here are the solutions to the questions.

Part c· 3 steps

  • (i) Name the symbols labelled II, III and IV.

    • II: Resistor
    • III: Switch
    • IV: Voltmeter

  • (ii) Draw a circuit diagram using all the symbols labelled I, II, III, IV and V. A circuit diagram should be drawn with the following components:

    • A cell (I) connected in series with a switch (III), a resistor (II), and an ammeter (V).
    • A voltmeter (IV) connected in parallel across the resistor (II).

  • (iii) If the circuit is closed and V reads 5 units with IV reading 15 units, determine the value of II in S.I. units.

  1. Identify the given values.

    The reading of V (ammeter) is the current, $I = 5 \text{ A}$.  
The reading of IV (voltmeter) is the potential difference, $V = 15 \text{ V}$.  
The component II is a resistor, $R$.

  2. Apply Ohm's Law.

    Ohm's Law states that $V = IR$.

  3. Calculate the resistance.

    $$
R = \frac{V}{I}
$$
$$
R = \frac{15 \text{ V}}{5 \text{ A}}
$$
$$
R = 3 \text{ } \Omega
$$
The value of II is $\boxed{\text{3 } \Omega}$.

Part d1

  • (i) Identify the solution that would have a pH value equal to:

    • (α) 7; C (NaCl is a neutral salt)
    • (β) 14. E (NaOH is a strong base, which would have a very high pH)

  • (ii) Identify the solution that can be classified as a/an:

    • (α) strong acid; A (HCl is a strong acid)
    • (β) neutral; C (NaCl is a neutral salt)
    • (γ) weak base. D (NH₃ is a weak base)

  • (iii) Suggest the pH value of solution A. Solution A is 0.1 mol dm⁻³ HCl. Since HCl is a strong acid, it fully dissociates in water.

  1. Determine the hydrogen ion concentration.

    For 0.1 mol dm⁻³ HCl, $[H^+] = 0.1 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}$.

  2. Calculate the pH.

    $$
pH = -\log[H^+]
$$
$$
pH = -\log(0.1)
$$
$$
pH = 1
$$
The suggested pH value of solution A is $\boxed{1}$.

    • (iv) Identify two solutions in the table that will react to form salt and water. This describes a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.

      • Acids in the table: A (HCl), B (CH₃COOH)
      • Bases in the table: D (NH₃), E (NaOH) Two solutions that will react to form salt and water are A and E (HCl and NaOH) or A and D (HCl and NH₃) or B and E (CH₃COOH and NaOH) or B and D (CH₃COOH and NH₃).

    • (v) What would be the colour of solution C upon addition of drops of universal indicator. Solution C is 0.1 mol dm⁻³ NaCl. Sodium chloride is a salt formed from a strong acid (HCl) and a strong base (NaOH), making it a neutral solution. Universal indicator turns green in a neutral solution (pH 7).

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