In the gravitational force investigation, the formula F = mg is used. What does 'g' represent?

• A) Gravitational field strength (9.8 m/s$^2$)

In the formula $F = mg$, $F$ represents the gravitational force (weight), $m$ is the mass of the object, and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity or gravitational field strength. Its approximate value on Earth is 9.8 m/s$^2$.
The correct answer is A).

• B) Includes both magnitude and direction

Speed is a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude. Velocity is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude (speed) and direction.
The correct answer is B).

• B) The change in velocity per unit time

Acceleration is the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time.
The correct answer is B).

• B) The attraction between molecules of same substance

Cohesive forces are the attractive forces between molecules of the same type. Adhesion refers to the attraction between molecules of different types.
The correct answer is B).

• B) Adhesion and cohesion work together to pull water up

Capillary action occurs due to the combined effects of adhesive forces (attraction between water molecules and the glass tube) and cohesive forces (attraction between water molecules themselves). Adhesion pulls the water up the sides of the tube, and cohesion pulls the rest of the water column along.
The correct answer is B).

• B) Gripping an object

Friction is essential for gripping an object, as it provides the necessary resistance to prevent the object from slipping out of your hand.
The correct answer is B).

• B) Non-renewable resources derived from ancient plants and animals

Fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and natural gas) are formed over millions of years from the remains of dead organisms and are considered non-renewable because they are consumed much faster than they are formed.
The correct answer is B).

• D) Solar energy

Coal, natural gas, and crude oil are all types of fossil fuels. Solar energy is a renewable energy source derived from the sun.
The correct answer is D).