Define anode rays and mention their properties and alternative name.

Here are the answers to .9:

1. Define anode rays or canal rays. Anode rays, also known as canal rays, are streams of positively charged ions that are produced in a discharge tube when high voltage is applied. These rays travel from the anode towards the cathode and pass through perforations in the cathode. They are formed by the ionization of residual gas atoms in the tube by the cathode rays.

2. What is the other name of anode rays? The other name for anode rays is canal rays.

3. Mention the properties of anode rays.

   • They consist of positively charged particles (ions).
   • They travel in straight lines.
   • They are deflected by electric and magnetic fields in a direction opposite to that of cathode rays, confirming their positive charge.
   • Their charge-to-mass ratio ($\frac{e}{m}$) depends on the nature of the gas used in the discharge tube.
   • They can cause fluorescence on hitting certain materials.
   • They can ionize gases.