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Physics

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The four quantum numbers describe the properties of an electron in an atom:

  1. The principal quantum number (n) describes the electron's main energy level or shell and relates to the size of the orbital. It can be any positive integer (1, 2, 3, ...).
  2. The angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number (l) describes the shape of the orbital and defines the subshell (s, p, d, f). Its values range from 0 to n-1.
  3. The magnetic quantum number (m_l) describes the orientation of the orbital in space. Its values range from -l to +l, including 0.
  4. The spin quantum number (m_s) describes the intrinsic angular momentum of an electron, often called its "spin." It can only have two values: +1/2 or -1/2.
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