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Calculate the number of U-235 nuclei in 1 kg of natural uranium and the cost of electricity produced from it, given specific fission energy and cost per kWh.

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2 parts
i

1.79×1022 nuclei\text{1.79} \times 10^{22} \text{ nuclei}

ii

9.58×106 frs\text{9.58} \times 10^6 \text{ frs}

Step-by-step solution

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Part i· 3 steps

The number of U-235 nuclei contained in 1.00 kg of natural uranium

  1. Calculate the mass of U-235 in 1.00 kg of natural uranium.

    The mass of natural uranium is 1.00 kg=1000 g1.00 \text{ kg} = 1000 \text{ g}.
    Natural uranium contains 0.7%0.7\% Uranium-235.

    Mass of U-235=0.007×1000 g=7 g\text{Mass of U-235} = 0.007 \times 1000 \text{ g} = 7 \text{ g}
  2. Calculate the number of moles of U-235.

    The molar mass of U-235 is approximately 235 g/mol235 \text{ g/mol}.

    Number of moles of U-235=Mass of U-235Molar mass of U-235=7 g235 g/mol\text{Number of moles of U-235} = \frac{\text{Mass of U-235}}{\text{Molar mass of U-235}} = \frac{7 \text{ g}}{235 \text{ g/mol}}
  3. Calculate the number of U-235 nuclei.

    Using Avogadro's number (NA=6.022×1023 mol−1N_A = 6.022 \times 10^{23} \text{ mol}^{-1}):

    Number of U-235 nuclei=(7235) mol×6.022×1023 nuclei/mol\text{Number of U-235 nuclei} = \left(\frac{7}{235}\right) \text{ mol} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} \text{ nuclei/mol} Number of U-235 nuclei=1.793787×1022 nuclei\text{Number of U-235 nuclei} = 1.793787 \times 10^{22} \text{ nuclei}

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    1.79×1022 nuclei\boxed{\text{1.79} \times 10^{22} \text{ nuclei}}

Part ii

9.58×106 frs\text{9.58} \times 10^6 \text{ frs}

The cost to be paid to an electricity company

  1. Calculate the total energy released from the fission of all U-235 nuclei.

    Energy released per U-235 fission =200 MeV= 200 \text{ MeV}.

    Total energy released (in MeV)=(Number of U-235 nuclei)×(Energy per fission)\text{Total energy released (in MeV)} = (\text{Number of U-235 nuclei}) \times (\text{Energy per fission}) Total energy released (in MeV)=(1.793787×1022)×(200 MeV)\text{Total energy released (in MeV)} = (1.793787 \times 10^{22}) \times (200 \text{ MeV}) Total energy released (in MeV)=3.587574×1024 MeV\text{Total energy released (in MeV)} = 3.587574 \times 10^{24} \text{ MeV}
  2. Convert the total energy from MeV to Joules.

    Using the conversion factor 1 MeV=1.602×10−13 J1 \text{ MeV} = 1.602 \times 10^{-13} \text{ J}:

    Total energy released (in J)=(3.587574×1024 MeV)×(1.602×10−13 J/MeV)\text{Total energy released (in J)} = (3.587574 \times 10^{24} \text{ MeV}) \times (1.602 \times 10^{-13} \text{ J/MeV}) Total energy released (in J)=5.747809×1011 J\text{Total energy released (in J)} = 5.747809 \times 10^{11} \text{ J}
  3. Convert the total energy from Joules to kilowatt-hours (kWh), where 1 unit=1 kWh1 \text{ unit} = 1 \text{ kWh}.

    Using the conversion factor 1 kWh=3.6×106 J1 \text{ kWh} = 3.6 \times 10^6 \text{ J}:

    Energy in kWh=5.747809×1011 J3.6×106 J/kWh\text{Energy in kWh} = \frac{5.747809 \times 10^{11} \text{ J}}{3.6 \times 10^6 \text{ J/kWh}} Energy in kWh=159661.36 kWh\text{Energy in kWh} = 159661.36 \text{ kWh}
  4. Calculate the total cost.

    The cost of electrical energy is 60 frs per unit (kWh)60 \text{ frs per unit (kWh)}.

    Total cost=(Energy in kWh)×(Cost per kWh)\text{Total cost} = (\text{Energy in kWh}) \times (\text{Cost per kWh}) Total cost=(159661.36 kWh)×(60 frs/kWh)\text{Total cost} = (159661.36 \text{ kWh}) \times (60 \text{ frs/kWh}) Total cost=9579681.6 frs\text{Total cost} = 9579681.6 \text{ frs}

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    9.58×106 frs\boxed{\text{9.58} \times 10^6 \text{ frs}}
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