Describe the particle arrangement for each state of matter shown in drawings A, B, and C, and explain why solids have a fixed shape.

• Drawing A shows particles that are far apart and randomly distributed, moving freely. This represents a gas.
• Drawing B shows particles that are closely packed in a regular, fixed arrangement. This represents a solid.
• Drawing C shows particles that are close together but randomly arranged, able to move past each other. This represents a liquid.

• For Drawing B (Solid): Particles are closely packed in fixed positions and vibrate about these positions. They have strong forces of attraction.
• For Drawing C (Liquid): Particles are closely packed but randomly arranged. They can slide past each other because the forces of attraction are weaker than in solids.
• For Drawing A (Gas): Particles are far apart and move randomly and rapidly. They have very weak forces of attraction.

The list of "Reasons" is not provided in the image. However, based on the particle arrangements described above, here are the explanations for the given properties:

• a) Solids have a fixed shape and cannot flow. This is because the particles in a solid are held in fixed positions by strong forces of attraction, forming a rigid structure. They can only vibrate, not move past each other.
• b) Liquids flow and take the shape of their container. This is because the particles in a liquid are close together but can slide past one another due to weaker forces of attraction compared to solids. This allows them to flow and conform to the shape of their container.
• c) Gases flow and completely fill their container. This is because the particles in a gas are far apart and move randomly and rapidly with very weak forces of attraction. They spread out to fill any available volume.