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Recall the formulas for linear speed and centripetal acceleration in uniform circular motion.

Physics

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Answer

V2\frac{V}{2}

Step-by-step solution

6 steps
  1. Recall the formulas for linear speed and centripetal acceleration in uniform circular motion.

    The linear speed (vv) is related to the angular velocity (ω\omega) and radius (rr) by:

    v=rωv = r\omega

    The centripetal acceleration (aca_c) can be expressed in terms of linear speed and radius, or angular velocity and radius:

    ac=v2r=rω2a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} = r\omega^2
  2. Define the initial conditions.

    Let the initial angular velocity be ω1\omega_1.
    Let the initial linear speed be v1=Vv_1 = V.
    Let the initial radius be r1r_1.
    The initial centripetal acceleration is ac1a_{c1}.
    From the formulas:

    V=r1ω1(1)V = r_1 \omega_1 \quad (1) ac1=r1ω12(2)a_{c1} = r_1 \omega_1^2 \quad (2)
  3. Define the final conditions based on the problem statement.

    The angular velocity is doubled: ω2=2ω1\omega_2 = 2\omega_1.
    The centripetal acceleration is unchanged: ac2=ac1a_{c2} = a_{c1}.
    Let the new linear speed be v2v_2.
    Let the new radius be r2r_2.
    From the formulas:

    v2=r2ω2=r2(2ω1)(3)v_2 = r_2 \omega_2 = r_2 (2\omega_1) \quad (3) ac2=r2ω22=r2(2ω1)2=4r2ω12(4)a_{c2} = r_2 \omega_2^2 = r_2 (2\omega_1)^2 = 4r_2 \omega_1^2 \quad (4)
  4. Use the condition that centripetal acceleration is unchanged to find the relationship between the radii.

    Since ac1=ac2a_{c1} = a_{c2}:

    r1ω12=4r2ω12r_1 \omega_1^2 = 4r_2 \omega_1^2

    Divide both sides by ω12\omega_1^2 (assuming ω1≠0\omega_1 \neq 0):

    r1=4r2r_1 = 4r_2

    This means the new radius is r2=r14r_2 = \frac{r_1}{4}.

  5. Substitute the relationship for the radius into the equation for the new speed.

    Substitute r2=r14r_2 = \frac{r_1}{4} into equation (3):

    v2=(r14)(2ω1)v_2 = \left(\frac{r_1}{4}\right) (2\omega_1) v2=2r1ω14v_2 = \frac{2 r_1 \omega_1}{4} v2=12(r1ω1)v_2 = \frac{1}{2} (r_1 \omega_1)
  6. Substitute the initial speed VV.

    From equation (1), we know that V=r1ω1V = r_1 \omega_1.
    Substitute VV into the expression for v2v_2:

    v2=12Vv_2 = \frac{1}{2} V

    The new speed will be V2\frac{V}{2}.

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