Write ten artifacts that can be found in tissue processing with electron microscope

Here are ten artifacts that can be found in tissue processing for electron microscopy:

1. Fixation artifacts: These can include precipitation of fixatives, incomplete fixation, or over-fixation, leading to altered cellular structures.
2. Dehydration artifacts: Incomplete removal of water or damage from dehydrating agents can cause shrinkage or collapse of cells and organelles.
3. Infiltration artifacts: Incomplete penetration of embedding resin into the tissue can result in areas that are not properly supported.
4. Embedding artifacts: Air bubbles trapped in the resin block or uneven polymerization of the resin can create voids or distortions.
5. Sectioning artifacts: Knife marks, compression, chatter, or tearing of the tissue during ultramicrotomy can obscure fine details.
6. Staining artifacts: Uneven staining, precipitation of stain particles, or over-staining can mask or mimic cellular structures.
7. Contamination: Dust, debris, or residues from equipment or reagents can appear as foreign particles in the sections.
8. Autolysis: If fixation is delayed, cellular enzymes can degrade structures, leading to a loss of fine detail.
9. Swelling: Improper osmolarity of fixatives or buffers can cause cells or organelles to swell.
10. Extraction artifacts: Solvents used in processing can sometimes extract lipids or other soluble components, leaving empty spaces.