This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
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Here are the answers to the questions from Section B: 1a (i) Define the term universe The universe is defined as all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. 1a (ii) List four bodies in the universe Stars Planets Galaxies Comets 1b State the correct names of any four of the following elements: (i) Ca: Calcium* (ii) Na: Sodium* (iii) K: Potassium* (iv) N: Nitrogen* (v) Al: Aluminum* (vi) Mg: Magnesium* 2a Name three sources of electricity Generators (e.g., powered by fossil fuels, hydro, wind) Batteries Solar cells 2b Name the respiratory organs of the following organisms: (i) Man: Lungs* (ii) Fish: Gills* (iii) Amoeba: Cell membrane* (iv) Snake: Lungs* (v) Dog: Lungs* (vi) Cat: Lungs* 3b (i) Briefly explain a simple test for carbon dioxide To test for carbon dioxide, bubble the gas through limewater (calcium hydroxide solution). If carbon dioxide is present, the limewater will turn milky or cloudy due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate. 3b (ii) State two differences between inhaled and exhaled air | Inhaled Air | Exhaled Air | | :---------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | | Contains approximately 21\% oxygen. | Contains approximately 16\% oxygen. | | Contains approximately 0.04\% carbon dioxide. | Contains approximately 4\% carbon dioxide. | | Cooler and drier. | Warmer and saturated with water vapor. | 3c (i) Define force Force is a push or a pull that can cause an object to accelerate, decelerate, change direction, or deform. 3c (ii) What is the SI Unit of force? The SI unit of force is the Newton (N). 3c (iii) Briefly explain how a rainbow is formed A rainbow is formed when sunlight passes through water droplets in the atmosphere. The water droplets act like tiny prisms, refracting and reflecting the sunlight, causing it to split into its constituent colors (dispersion). 3c (iv) What are the colours of the rainbow? The colors of the rainbow are Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet (ROYGBIV). 4b (i) What are the conditions for the rusting of iron to occur The two essential conditions for the rusting of iron to occur are the presence of oxygen and water. 4b (ii) State three characteristics of all living things Movement* Respiration* Growth* Reproduction* Excretion* Nutrition* Sensitivity* 4a (i) What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space (has volume). 4a (ii) State three types of matter Solid* Liquid* Gas* 4b State two functions of the following plant organs: (i) Flower: Reproduction* (produces seeds and fruits) Attracts pollinators* (ii) Leaves: Photosynthesis* (produces food for the plant) Transpiration* (releases excess water vapor) 4c A force of 400N is applied to move a truck through a distance of 30m. How much work is done? Step 1: Identify the given values. Force (F) = 400 N Distance (d) = 30 m Step 2: Use the formula for work done. Work done (W) = F × d Step 3: Substitute the values and calculate. W = 400 N × 30 m W = 12000 J The work done is 12000 J. 5a (i) Define an alloy An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, combined to create a new substance with enhanced properties. 5a (ii) Name one alloy and state its composition Brass: An alloy of copper and zinc*. 5b (i) Define energy Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. 5b (ii) List four forms of energy Kinetic energy* Potential energy* Chemical energy* Thermal energy* Electrical energy* Light energy* Sound energy* 5c (i) What is food? Food is any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink, or that plants absorb, in order to maintain life and growth. 5c (ii) State two importance for including carbohydrate in our diet Primary source of energy*: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is the body's main fuel for daily activities and bodily functions. Fiber source*: Some carbohydrates (like dietary fiber) aid in digestion, prevent constipation, and help maintain bowel health. 6a (i) Define the periodic table The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, showing periodic trends. 6a (ii) Draw the atomic structure of oxygen with an atomic mass of 16 Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. This means it has: 8 protons 8 electrons 16 - 8 = 8 neutrons Electron configuration: 2 electrons in the first shell, 6 electrons in the second shell. Atomic Structure of Oxygen c Nucleus: \\ 8 Protons \\ 8 Neutrons Electron Shells: 1st shell: 2 electrons 2nd shell: 6 electrons (Imagine a central nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by two electron shells. The inner shell has 2 electrons, and the outer shell has 6 electrons.) Last free one today — make it count tomorrow, or type /upgrade for unlimited.