This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
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You're on a roll — here are the solutions to the exercise questions: Fill in the blanks: 3. A sand clock is also known as the hourglass. 4. Speed is the distance travelled by an object per unit time. 5. A sundial is based on the position and length of the shadow cast by an object. Match the following: 1. Christian Huygens - c) Pendulum clock Explanation:* Christian Huygens is credited with inventing the pendulum clock. 2. Jantar Mantar - a) Sundial Explanation:* Jantar Mantar observatories contain large astronomical instruments, including massive sundials. 3. Speedometer - d) Speed in kilometre per hour Explanation:* A speedometer measures the instantaneous speed of a vehicle, often displayed in km/h. 4. Leap year - b) 366 days Explanation:* A leap year has 366 days, with an extra day in February. 5. Sand glass - e) Flow of sand Explanation:* A sand glass (or hourglass) measures time by the flow of sand from one bulb to another. Answer the following questions: 1. What do you mean by time period of a pendulum? The time period of a pendulum is the time taken for one complete oscillation (one swing back and forth). It is usually measured in seconds. 2. State the principles of Pendulum. The principles of a simple pendulum are: • The time period of a simple pendulum is independent of the mass of the bob. • The time period is independent of the amplitude of oscillation, provided the amplitude is small. • The time period is directly proportional to the square root of its effective length. • The time period is inversely proportional to the square root of the acceleration due to gravity. 3. A simple pendulum takes 30 seconds to complete 20 oscillations. What is its time period? Step 1: Identify the given values. Total time taken = 30 s Number of oscillations = 20 Step 2: Use the formula for time period. Time period (T) = Total time takenNumber of oscillations Step 3: Substitute the values and calculate. T = 30 s20 T = 1.5 s The time period of the pendulum is 1.5 s. 4. Draw a typical distance-time graph for uniform motion. For uniform motion, the distance-time graph is a straight line passing through the origin with a positive slope. This indicates that equal distances are covered in equal intervals of time. ` Distance (m) ^ | / | / | / |/ +----------------> Time (s) ` 5. Define speed. Speed is defined as the rate at which an object covers distance. It is a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude and no direction. 6. What is the difference between uniform and non-uniform motion? • In uniform motion, an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time. Its speed remains constant. • In non-uniform motion, an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, or equal distances in unequal intervals of time. Its speed changes over time. 7. A truck travels 540 km, in 4.5 hrs. Find the speed of truck. Step 1: Identify the given values. Distance traveled = 540 km Time taken = 4.5 hrs Step 2: Use the formula for speed. Speed = DistanceTime Step 3: Substitute the values and calculate. Speed = 540 km4.5 hrs Speed = 120 km/hr The speed of the truck is 120 km/hr. 8. How does a sand clock work? A sand clock (or hourglass) works by using the flow of a granular material, typically sand, from an upper bulb to a lower bulb through a narrow neck. The time it takes for all the sand to flow from the top to the bottom is a fixed duration, which is used to measure time. When all the sand has flowed, the clock can be inverted to start timing again. What's next?