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Three charges are placed along the x-axis. q1 = +15.0 μC is at x = 2.00 m, and q2 = +6.00 μC is at x = 0 m. Where must a third charge, q3, be placed so that the net force on it is zero?

Physics

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Answer

1.2

0.775 m\text{0.775 m}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

.2:

  1. Identify the charges and their positions.

    We have three charges along the x-axis:

    • q1=+15.0×10−6 Cq_1 = +15.0 \times 10^{-6} \text{ C} at x1=2.00 mx_1 = 2.00 \text{ m}
    • q2=+6.00×10−6 Cq_2 = +6.00 \times 10^{-6} \text{ C} at x2=0 mx_2 = 0 \text{ m}
    • q3q_3 at an unknown position xx.
  2. Determine the region where the net force on q3q_3 can be zero.

    Since q1q_1 and q2q_2 are both positive, for the forces on q3q_3 to cancel, q3q_3 must be located between q1q_1 and q2q_2. If q3q_3 is positive, q1q_1 and q2q_2 will both repel it, causing forces in opposite directions. If q3q_3 is negative, q1q_1 and q2q_2 will both attract it, also causing forces in opposite directions. Therefore, 0<x<2.00 m0 < x < 2.00 \text{ m}.

  3. Apply Coulomb's Law for equilibrium.

    For the net force on q3q_3 to be zero, the magnitude of the force exerted by q1q_1 on q3q_3 (F13F_{13}) must be equal to the magnitude of the force exerted by q2q_2 on q3q_3 (F23F_{23}).
    The distance between q2q_2 and q3q_3 is r23=xr_{23} = x.
    The distance between q1q_1 and q3q_3 is r13=2.00−xr_{13} = 2.00 - x.

    Using Coulomb's Law, F=k∣qaqb∣r2F = k \frac{|q_a q_b|}{r^2}:

    F13=F23F_{13} = F_{23} k∣q1q3∣r132=k∣q2q3∣r232k \frac{|q_1 q_3|}{r_{13}^2} = k \frac{|q_2 q_3|}{r_{23}^2} ∣q1∣(2.00−x)2=∣q2∣x2\frac{|q_1|}{(2.00 - x)^2} = \frac{|q_2|}{x^2}
  4. Substitute values and solve for xx.

    15.0×10−6 C(2.00−x)2=6.00×10−6 Cx2\frac{15.0 \times 10^{-6} \text{ C}}{(2.00 - x)^2} = \frac{6.00 \times 10^{-6} \text{ C}}{x^2} 15.06.00=(2.00−x)2x2\frac{15.0}{6.00} = \frac{(2.00 - x)^2}{x^2} 2.5=(2.00−xx)22.5 = \left(\frac{2.00 - x}{x}\right)^2

    Take the square root of both sides. Since 0<x<2.000 < x < 2.00, both xx and 2.00−x2.00-x are positive, so we take the positive root.

    2.5=2.00−xx\sqrt{2.5} = \frac{2.00 - x}{x} 1.5811=2.00−xx1.5811 = \frac{2.00 - x}{x} 1.5811x=2.00−x1.5811x = 2.00 - x 1.5811x+x=2.001.5811x + x = 2.00 2.5811x=2.002.5811x = 2.00 x=2.002.5811x = \frac{2.00}{2.5811} x≈0.7748 mx \approx 0.7748 \text{ m}

    The X coordinate of q3q_3 is 0.775 m\boxed{\text{0.775 m}}.


    .3:

  5. Draw a free-body diagram for one sphere.

    Each sphere is in equilibrium under three forces:

    • Tension (TT) in the string, acting along the string.
    • Gravitational force (mgmg), acting vertically downwards
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