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Determine the total resistance of the circuit.

Physics

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  1. Determine the total resistance of the circuit.

    The circuit consists of a voltage source 18 V18\,V connected to a series of resistors.
    R1=4.7 kΩR_1 = 4.7\,k\Omega is in series with the rest of the circuit.
    R2=2.2 kΩR_2 = 2.2\,k\Omega is in parallel with the series combination of R3R_3, R4R_4, R5R_5, and R6R_6.
    Let's simplify the circuit from right to left.
    R6=1.0 kΩR_6 = 1.0\,k\Omega is connected to ground.
    R5=1.0 kΩR_5 = 1.0\,k\Omega is in series with R6R_6. So, R56=R5+R6=1.0 kΩ+1.0 kΩ=2.0 kΩR_{56} = R_5 + R_6 = 1.0\,k\Omega + 1.0\,k\Omega = 2.0\,k\Omega.
    R4=2.2 kΩR_4 = 2.2\,k\Omega is in parallel with R56R_{56}. So, R456=R4×R56R4+R56=2.2 kΩ×2.0 kΩ2.2 kΩ+2.0 kΩ=4.4 kΩ24.2 kΩ≈1.0476 kΩR_{456} = \frac{R_4 \times R_{56}}{R_4 + R_{56}} = \frac{2.2\,k\Omega \times 2.0\,k\Omega}{2.2\,k\Omega + 2.0\,k\Omega} = \frac{4.4\,k\Omega^2}{4.2\,k\Omega} \approx 1.0476\,k\Omega.
    R3=1.0 kΩR_3 = 1.0\,k\Omega is in series with R456R_{456}. So, R3456=R3+R456=1.0 kΩ+1.0476 kΩ=2.0476 kΩR_{3456} = R_3 + R_{456} = 1.0\,k\Omega + 1.0476\,k\Omega = 2.0476\,k\Omega.
    R2=2.2 kΩR_2 = 2.2\,k\Omega is in parallel with R3456R_{3456}. So, R23456=R2×R3456R2+R3456=2.2 kΩ×2.0476 kΩ2.2 kΩ+2.0476 kΩ=4.50472 kΩ24.2476 kΩ≈1.0605 kΩR_{23456} = \frac{R_2 \times R_{3456}}{R_2 + R_{3456}} = \frac{2.2\,k\Omega \times 2.0476\,k\Omega}{2.2\,k\Omega + 2.0476\,k\Omega} = \frac{4.50472\,k\Omega^2}{4.2476\,k\Omega} \approx 1.0605\,k\Omega.
    Finally, R1=4.7 kΩR_1 = 4.7\,k\Omega is in series with R23456R_{23456}.
    Total Resistance Rtotal=R1+R23456=4.7 kΩ+1.0605 kΩ=5.7605 kΩR_{total} = R_1 + R_{23456} = 4.7\,k\Omega + 1.0605\,k\Omega = 5.7605\,k\Omega.

    Rtotal≈5.76 kΩR_{total} \approx \boxed{\text{5.76 k}\Omega\text{}}
  2. Calculate the total current from the source.

    Itotal=VSRtotal=18 V5.7605 kΩ=18 V5760.5 Ω≈0.0031247 A=3.1247 mAI_{total} = \frac{V_S}{R_{total}} = \frac{18\,V}{5.7605\,k\Omega} = \frac{18\,V}{5760.5\,\Omega} \approx 0.0031247\,A = 3.1247\,mA
  3. Calculate the voltage at point A (VAV_A).

    Point A is the voltage across the parallel combination of R2R_2 and R3456R_{3456}.
    The voltage drop across R1R_1 is VR1=Itotal×R1=3.1247 mA×4.7 kΩ=14.686 VV_{R1} = I_{total} \times R_1 = 3.1247\,mA \times 4.7\,k\Omega = 14.686\,V.

    VA=VS−VR1=18 V−14.686 V=3.314 VV_A = V_S - V_{R1} = 18\,V - 14.686\,V = 3.314\,V VA≈3.31 VV_A \approx \boxed{\text{3.31 V}}
  4. Calculate the voltage at point B (VBV_B).

    The current flowing into the parallel combination of R2R_2 and R3456R_{3456} is ItotalI_{total}. This current splits.
    The current through the branch containing R3,R4,R5,R6R_3, R_4, R_5, R_6 is I3456=VAR3456=3.314 V2.0476 kΩ≈0.0016185 A=1.6185 mAI_{3456} = \frac{V_A}{R_{3456}} = \frac{3.314\,V}{2.0476\,k\Omega} \approx 0.0016185\,A = 1.6185\,mA.
    The voltage drop across R3R_3 is VR3=I3456×R3=1.6185 mA×1.0 kΩ=1.6185 VV_{R3} = I_{3456} \times R_3 = 1.6185\,mA \times 1.0\,k\Omega = 1.6185\,V.

    VB=VA−VR3=3.314 V−1.6185 V=1.6955 VV_B = V_A - V_{R3} = 3.314\,V - 1.6185\,V = 1.6955\,V VB≈1.70 VV_B \approx \boxed{\text{1.70 V}}
  5. Calculate the voltage at point C (VCV_C).

    The current flowing into the parallel combination of R4R_4 and R56R_{56} is I3456I_{3456}. This current splits.
    The voltage across R456R_{456} is VBV_B.
    The current through the branch containing R5R_5 and R6R_6 is I56=VBR56=1.6955 V2.0 kΩ≈0.00084775 A=0.84775 mAI_{56} = \frac{V_B}{R_{56}} = \frac{1.6955\,V}{2.0\,k\Omega} \approx 0.00084775\,A = 0.84775\,mA.
    The voltage drop across R5R_5 is VR5=I56×R5=0.84775 mA×1.0 kΩ=0.84775 VV_{R5} = I_{56} \times R_5 = 0.84775\,mA \times 1.0\,k\Omega = 0.84775\,V.

    VC=VB−VR5=1.6955 V−0.84775 V=0.84775 VV_C = V_B - V_{R5} = 1.6955\,V - 0.84775\,V = 0.84775\,V VC≈0.85 VV_C \approx \boxed{\text{0.85 V}}
  6. Calculate the current through R4R_4 (IR4I_{R4}).

    The current I3456I_{3456} flows into the node before R4R_4 and R56R_{56}.
    The voltage at point B is VBV_B. The voltage at point C is VCV_C.
    The current through R4R_4 is IR4=VB−VgroundR4I_{R4} = \frac{V_B - V_{ground}}{R_4} if R4R_4 was connected to ground, but it's not.
    The current through R4R_4 is the current that flows through R4R_4 itself.
    The voltage across R4R_4 is VB−VCV_B - V_C if R4R_4 was between B and C, but it's not.
    R4R_4 is in parallel with R5R_5 and R6R_6. The voltage across this parallel combination is VBV_B.
    So, the current through R4R_4 is:

    IR4=VBR4=1.6955 V2.2 kΩ≈0.00077068 A=0.77068 mAI_{R4} = \frac{V_B}{R_4} = \frac{1.6955\,V}{2.2\,k\Omega} \approx 0.00077068\,A = 0.77068\,mA IR4≈0.77 mAI_{R4} \approx \boxed{\text{0.77 mA}}
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