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Use the Work-Energy Theorem to solve the following: A 25 kg crate is pulled 3.5 m up a 30 degree incline. If the crate starts at 12 m/s and ends at 10.8 m/s, what is the magnitude of the force pulling

Physics

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Answer

24.8 N\text{24.8 N}

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here are the solutions for 5.2.2 and 5.2.5:

5.2.2

The Work-Energy Theorem states that the net work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

5.2.5

To calculate the magnitude of force FF, we will use the Work-Energy Theorem, which states that the work done by non-conservative forces (WncW_{nc}) equals the change in the total mechanical energy (ΔEmech\Delta E_{mech}). Since the incline is frictionless, the only non-conservative force doing work is FF.

  1. Identify the given values.

    Mass of the crate, m=25 kgm = 25 \text{ kg}
    Initial speed at point Q, vQ=12 m/sv_Q = 12 \text{ m/s}
    Final speed at point R, vR=10.8 m/sv_R = 10.8 \text{ m/s}
    Distance moved along the incline, d=3.5 md = 3.5 \text{ m}
    Angle of inclination, α=30∘\alpha = 30^\circ
    Acceleration due to gravity, g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2

  2. Calculate the initial kinetic energy (KEQKE_Q) at point Q.

    KEQ=12mvQ2KE_Q = \frac{1}{2}mv_Q^2 KEQ=12(25 kg)(12 m/s)2KE_Q = \frac{1}{2}(25 \text{ kg})(12 \text{ m/s})^2 KEQ=12(25)(144) JKE_Q = \frac{1}{2}(25)(144) \text{ J} KEQ=1800 JKE_Q = 1800 \text{ J}
  3. Calculate the final kinetic energy (KERKE_R) at point R.

    KER=12mvR2KE_R = \frac{1}{2}mv_R^2 KER=12(25 kg)(10.8 m/s)2KE_R = \frac{1}{2}(25 \text{ kg})(10.8 \text{ m/s})^2 KER=12(25)(116.64) JKE_R = \frac{1}{2}(25)(116.64) \text{ J} KER=1458 JKE_R = 1458 \text{ J}
  4. Calculate the change in kinetic energy (ΔKE\Delta KE).

    ΔKE=KER−KEQ\Delta KE = KE_R - KE_Q ΔKE=1458 J−1800 J\Delta KE = 1458 \text{ J} - 1800 \text{ J} ΔKE=−342 J\Delta KE = -342 \text{ J}
  5. Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy (ΔPEg\Delta PE_g).

    The vertical height gained, h=dsin⁡(α)h = d \sin(\alpha).

    h=(3.5 m)sin⁡(30∘)h = (3.5 \text{ m})\sin(30^\circ) h=(3.5 m)(0.5)h = (3.5 \text{ m})(0.5) h=1.75 mh = 1.75 \text{ m} ΔPEg=mgh\Delta PE_g = mgh ΔPEg=(25 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(1.75 m)\Delta PE_g = (25 \text{ kg})(9.8 \text{ m/s}^2)(1.75 \text{ m}) ΔPEg=428.75 J\Delta PE_g = 428.75 \text{ J}
  6. Apply the Work-Energy Theorem for non-conservative forces.

    The work done by the applied force FF (WFW_F) is the non-conservative work.

    WF=ΔKE+ΔPEgW_F = \Delta KE + \Delta PE_g WF=−342 J+428.75 JW_F = -342 \text{ J} + 428.75 \text{ J} WF=86.75 JW_F = 86.75 \text{ J}
  7. Calculate the magnitude of force FF.

    The work done by force FF is also given by WF=Fdcos⁡θW_F = Fd \cos\theta, where θ\theta is the angle between the force and displacement. Since FF is parallel to the incline and the displacement is up the incline, θ=0∘\theta = 0^\circ, so cos⁡(0∘)=1\cos(0^\circ) = 1.

    WF=FdW_F = Fd F=WFdF = \frac{W_F}{d} F=86.75 J3.5 mF = \frac{86.75 \text{ J}}{3.5 \text{ m}} F=24.7857... NF = 24.7857... \text{ N}

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    F=24.8 NF = 24.8 \text{ N}

    The magnitude of force FF is 24.8 N\boxed{\text{24.8 N}}.

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