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Plot graphs of bond dissociation energy for halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2) and boiling points for hydrogen halides (HF, HCl, HBr, HI).

Chemistry

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  1. Bond dissociation energies of halogens (\ceF2\ce{F2}, \ceCl2\ce{Cl2}, \ceBr2\ce{Br2}, \ceI2\ce{I2})

    Values (in \sikJ.mol−1\si{kJ.mol^{-1}}):

    \ceF2:159 \sikJ.mol−1\ceCl2:243 \sikJ.mol−1\ceBr2:193 \sikJ.mol−1\ceI2:151 \sikJ.mol−1\begin{align*} \ce{F2}&: && 159~\si{kJ.mol^{-1}} \\ \ce{Cl2}&: && 243~\si{kJ.mol^{-1}} \\ \ce{Br2}&: && 193~\si{kJ.mol^{-1}} \\ \ce{I2}&: && 151~\si{kJ.mol^{-1}} \end{align*}

    Trend: Plot points at these values. Connect with a line: starts low at \ceF2\ce{F2} (weak bond due to lone pair repulsion), peaks high at \ceCl2\ce{Cl2}, then decreases steadily to \ceI2\ce{I2} (weaker overlap of large orbitals).

  2. Boiling points of hydrogen halides (\ceHF\ce{HF}, \ceHCl\ce{HCl}, \ceHBr\ce{HBr}, \ceHI\ce{HI})

    Values (in ∘\siC^\circ\si{C}):

    \ceHF:19.5 ∘\siC\ceHCl:−85 ∘\siC\ceHBr:−67 ∘\siC\ceHI:−35 ∘\siC\begin{align*} \ce{HF}&: && 19.5~^\circ\si{C} \\ \ce{HCl}&: && -85~^\circ\si{C} \\ \ce{HBr}&: && -67~^\circ\si{C} \\ \ce{HI}&: && -35~^\circ\si{C} \end{align*}

    Trend: Plot points at these values. Connect with a line: sharp drop from \ceHF\ce{HF} (high due to hydrogen bonding) to \ceHCl\ce{HCl}, then gradual increase to \ceHI\ce{HI} (increasing London dispersion forces with molecular size).

    Sketched trends match data points and lines described above.
    BDE: low F₂ → peak Cl₂ → ↓ to I₂

    BP: high HF → sharp ↓ HCl → gradual ↑ HI

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