What factors predict success in alcohol treatment, and what are the mechanisms of action for medications like naltrexone and disulfiram?

30. Research suggests that younger age is often a characteristic that predicts success in non-abstinence or controlled drinking programs, as individuals may have less severe dependence and fewer long-term consequences.

The correct option is D.

• D. Younger age

31. The use of medications in the treatment of alcohol use disorders, such as naltrexone, is mainly to reduce the pleasurable feelings that result from drinking. By blocking the reward pathways, these medications diminish the reinforcing effects of alcohol.

The correct option is D.

• D. Reduce the pleasurable feelings that result from drinking

32. Naltrexone works in the treatment of alcohol use disorders by blocking the neurotransmitters that mediate alcohol's effects on the brain, specifically by acting as an opioid receptor antagonist, which reduces the euphoric and reinforcing effects of alcohol.

The correct option is A.

• A. It blocks the neurotransmitters that mediate alcohol's effects on the brain

33. Disulfiram is commonly used as Antabuse in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. It works by causing an unpleasant physical reaction when alcohol is consumed.

The correct option is A.

• A. Disulfiram

34. Antabuse is successful in reducing alcohol use because it causes many unpleasant physiological effects when a person drinks. This creates an aversive reaction to alcohol, discouraging consumption.

The correct option is B.

• B. It causes many unpleasant physiological effects when a person drinks

35. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is one of the best-known approaches to the treatment of alcoholism. It is a peer-support fellowship for individuals recovering from alcohol use disorder.

The correct option is D.

• D. One of the best-known approaches to the treatment of alcoholism