Which of the following psychologists is not associated with the Gestalt theory? A. Kurt Koffha B. Max Wertheimer C. Max Kohler D. Wolfgang Kohler

Here are the answers to the questions:

9. Gestalt theory was founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler. "Max Kohler" is not one of the recognized founders of Gestalt psychology.

   • C. Max Kohler

10. Proactive inhibition occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information.

    • C. Proactive

11. When pupils are asked to respond by giving one member of a pair when given the other member of a pair, this is known as paired-associate learning.

    • C. Paired-associate

12. Intrinsic motivation encourages greater independence in learning because the decision to learn rests with the learner. When learners are intrinsically motivated, they pursue learning for its own sake, leading to self-directed and independent study.

    • C. The decision to learn rests with the learner

13. To maximize the use of instructional time, it is crucial to keep instruction at the students' level of attainment. This ensures that the material is neither too easy (leading to boredom) nor too difficult (leading to frustration), thus optimizing engagement and learning.

    • A. True

14. When understanding the classroom environment, factors like climate (the emotional tone), design (physical layout), and processes (interactions and activities) are important. "Properties" is a very general term and less specific than the other options in describing features that help understand the classroom environment.

    • D. Properties

15. According to humanists, misbehavior often stems from a poor self-concept. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of self-esteem and self-worth, and a lack thereof can lead to negative behaviors as individuals struggle to meet their needs or express themselves.

    • D. self-concept