Explain two factors that affect sag in an overhead line. A tower of height 40 m and 100 m respectively supports a transmission line of line conductor of a water crossing. The horizontal distance between the tower is 600 m. If the tension in the line is 1580 kg and the weight of the conductor is 1.6 kg/m, determine the minimum clearance of the conductor and water.

Here are the solutions to the problems: c) Two factors that affect sag in an overhead line are: • Conductor weight: The sag in an overhead line is directly proportional to the weight per unit length of the conductor. A heavier conductor will result in greater sag. • Span length: Sag is directly proportional to the square of the span length (the horizontal distance between supports). Longer spans lead to significantly greater sag. • Tension: Sag is inversely proportional to the tension in the conductor. Higher tension reduces sag, but excessive tension can stress the conductor. • Temperature: As the ambient temperature increases, the conductor expands, increasing its length and consequently increasing the sag. d) Step 1: Identify the given parameters and convert units. Height