Analyze the provided pedigree chart to determine the number of females, the number of affected males in the F1 generation, Gabby's genotype, and the genotypes of Anju and Pilusa, given that Goltz synd

2.1:
The type of diagram shown is a $\boxed{\text{pedigree chart}}$.

2.2:

*a) To find the number of females, count all the circles in the diagram.
Generation I: Gabby (1 female)
Generation II: Anju, and two other females (3 females)
Total females = $1 + 3 = 4$.
There are $\boxed{\text{4}}$ females in this family.

*b) The F1-generation refers to the children of Piet and Gabby. Males are represented by squares. Affected individuals are shaded.
In the F1-generation, there are two males. One is shaded (affected), and one is unshaded (unaffected).
So, $\boxed{\text{1}}$ male in the F1-generation has Goltz syndrome.

2.3:
Goltz syndrome is a sex-linked dominant disorder, caused by allele $X^G$. The unaffected allele is $X^g$.
Gabby is an affected female (shaded circle). Her genotype could be $X^G X^G$ or $X^G X^g$.
Piet is an unaffected male (unshaded square), so his genotype is $X^g Y$.
Gabby and Piet have an unaffected son (unshaded square in F1-generation). An unaffected son has the genotype $X^g Y$.
This son inherited the $Y$ chromosome from Piet and the $X^g$ allele from Gabby.
Since Gabby passed on an $X^g$ allele, she must possess at least one $X^g$ allele.
Therefore, Gabby's genotype is $\boxed{X^G X^g}$.

2.4:
Anju is an unaffected female (unshaded circle), so her genotype is $X^g X^g$.
Pilusa is an affected male (shaded square), so his genotype is $X^G Y$.

To determine the phenotype of their sons, we perform a genetic cross:
Parents: Anju ($X^g X^g$) $\times$ Pilusa ($X^G Y$)
Gametes from Anju: $X^g$
Gametes from Pilusa: $X^G$, $Y$

Punnett Square:

$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \text{Gametes} & X^G & Y \\ \hline X^g & X^G X^g & X^g Y \\ \hline \end{array}$$

The possible genotypes for their children are $X^G X^g$ (daughters) and $X^g Y$ (sons).
The phenotype of their sons ($X^g Y$) is unaffected.
The phenotype of their sons is $\boxed{\text{unaffected}}$.

2.5:
Explanation for QUESTION 2.4:

• Anju is an unaffected female, so her genotype is $X^g X^g$. She can only contribute an $X^g$ allele to her offspring.
• Pilusa is an affected male, so his genotype is $X^G Y$. He contributes his $Y$ chromosome to all his sons.
• Therefore, all sons will inherit the $X^g$ allele from Anju and the $Y$ chromosome from Pilusa, resulting in the genotype $X^g Y$.
• Since $X^g Y$ represents an unaffected male, all their sons will be unaffected by Goltz syndrome.