Differentiate between pyramid of number and pyramid of biomass. Differentiate between primary succession and secondary succession. Describe the transmission cycle of malaria include the role of Vector.

A pyramid of number illustrates the number of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem. It can be inverted if a few large producers support many consumers. A pyramid of biomass shows the total mass of living organisms (biomass) at each trophic level. It is typically upright, but can be inverted in some aquatic ecosystems.

Primary succession is the ecological process that occurs in an area where no life or soil previously existed, such as newly formed volcanic rock or sand dunes. Secondary succession occurs in an area where a pre-existing community has been disturbed or removed (e.g., by fire or logging), but the soil remains intact, allowing for faster recolonization.

The transmission cycle of malaria involves both humans and mosquitoes.

• An infected female Anopheles mosquito (the vector) bites a human, injecting Plasmodium sporozoites into the bloodstream.
• These sporozoites travel to the liver, mature, and then infect red blood cells, multiplying and causing malaria symptoms.
• Some parasites in the human blood develop into gametocytes.
• When an uninfected Anopheles mosquito bites an infected human, it ingests these gametocytes.
• The gametocytes mature and reproduce within the mosquito, eventually forming new sporozoites that migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands, ready to infect another human.