This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.

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Here's the solution for question 1(a)(i):
Five effects of ectoparasite infestation on livestock are: • Irritation and discomfort, leading to restlessness and rubbing. • Blood loss, which can cause anemia, especially in severe infestations. • Skin damage such as lesions, wounds, and hair loss, making the animal susceptible to secondary infections. • Transmission of diseases, as many ectoparasites act as vectors for pathogens (e.g., ticks transmit anaplasmosis). • Reduced productivity, including decreased growth rate, lower milk or egg production, and poor wool quality.
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This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.