This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
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Here are the solutions to the questions: 4.1.1 The term for the underlined words is Law of Segregation. 4.1.2 The Mendel's Law of Inheritance illustrated in the paragraph is the Law of Segregation. 4.1.3 Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles for different genes assort independently of one another during the formation of gametes. This means that the inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another gene. 4.2.1 Let R be the allele for red hair and r be the allele for white hair. A white sow has genotype rr. A red boar was mated with the white sow, and all F1 piglets were red. This means the red boar must be homozygous dominant (RR). Parents: RR × rr Gametes: R from boar, r from sow |c|c|c| & R & R \\ r & Rr & Rr \\ r & Rr & Rr \\ The genotype of the F1-generation is Rr. 4.2.2 From the Punnett square above, all F1 piglets have the genotype Rr, which is heterozygous red. There are no homozygous red piglets (RR) in the F1 generation. Percentage of homozygous red piglets = (0)/(4) × 100\% = 0\% The percentage of homozygous red piglets is 0\%. 4.3.1 The base height of a recessive plant (aabbccdd) is 40 cm. Each additive allele contributes 4 cm to the base height. The plant has a genotype of AaBbCcDD. Number of additive alleles = 4 (A, B, C, D). Height = Base height + (Number of additive alleles × Contribution per allele) Height = 40 cm + (4 × 4 cm) Height = 40 cm + 16 cm Height = 56 cm 4.3.2 a) To have a height of 68 cm: Contribution from additive alleles = 68 cm - 40 cm = 28 cm. Number of additive alleles = 28 cm4 cm/allele = 7 additive alleles. A possible genotype with 7 additive alleles is AABBCCDd. b) The shortest plant is the fully recessive plant (aabbccdd). Its phenotype (height) is the base height, which is 40 cm. 4.4.1 The characteristic is X-linked inheritance. 4.4.2 The term that refers to characteristics located on the X- and Y-chromosomes is sex-linked characteristics or sex-linked traits. 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.