Using the provided pedigree, determine the genotype of offspring 1 and the possible genotypes of offspring from a carrier woman and a hemophiliac man.

b) Step 1: Identify offspring number 1 in the pedigree. Offspring number 1 is a male, indicated by a square. The square is not shaded, which means he is a normal male according to the key. Step 2: Determine the genotypes of his parents. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition. X^H is for non-hemophilia, X^h is for hemophilia. The mother of offspring 1 is a normal carrier female (circle with diagonal line), so her genotype is X^H X^h. The father of offspring 1 is a normal male (unshaded square), so his genotype is X^H Y. Step 3: Determine the genotype of offspring number 1. Offspring 1 is a male, so he inherits a Y chromosome from his father. He inherits an X chromosome from his mother. Since he is normal, he must have inherited the X^H allele from his mother. Therefore, the genotype of offspring number 1 is X^H Y. The genotype of offspring number 1 is X^H Y. c) Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the couple. A carrier woman has genotype X^H X^h. A hemophiliac man has genotype X^h Y. Step 2: Set up a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of their offspring. The woman produces gametes X^H and X^h. The man produces gametes X^h and Y. |c|c|c| Gametes & X^h & Y \\ X^H & X^H X^h & X^H Y \\ X^h & X^h X^h & X^h Y \\ Step 3: Identify the genotypes of sons and hemophiliac sons. From the Punnett square, the possible genotypes for sons are X^H Y (normal son) and X^h Y (hemophiliac son). Step 4: Calculate the probability of having a son who is hemophiliac. There are 4 possible offspring genotypes, and 1 of them is X^h Y (hemophiliac son). The probability is (1)/(4). The probability that the couple will have a son who is hemophiliac is (1)/(4). d) One defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation is Down syndrome. This condition is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21), which results from non-disjunction during meiosis. Name one defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation: Down syndrome. 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.