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Using the provided pedigree, determine the genotype of offspring 1 and the possible genotypes of offspring from a carrier woman and a hemophiliac man.

Biology

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3 parts
b

XHYX^H Y

c

14\frac{1}{4}

d

Down syndrome\text{Down syndrome}

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Part b· 3 steps

  1. Identify offspring number 1 in the pedigree.

    Offspring number 1 is a male, indicated by a square. The square is not shaded, which means he is a normal male according to the key.

  2. Determine the genotypes of his parents.

    Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition. XHX^H is for non-hemophilia, XhX^h is for hemophilia.
    The mother of offspring 1 is a normal carrier female (circle with diagonal line), so her genotype is XHXhX^H X^h.
    The father of offspring 1 is a normal male (unshaded square), so his genotype is XHYX^H Y.

  3. Determine the genotype of offspring number 1.

    Offspring 1 is a male, so he inherits a YY chromosome from his father. He inherits an X chromosome from his mother. Since he is normal, he must have inherited the XHX^H allele from his mother.
    Therefore, the genotype of offspring number 1 is XHYX^H Y.

    The genotype of offspring number 1 is XHY\boxed{X^H Y}.

Part c

14\frac{1}{4}

  1. Determine the genotypes of the couple.

    A carrier woman has genotype XHXhX^H X^h.
    A hemophiliac man has genotype XhYX^h Y.

  2. Set up a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of their offspring.

    The woman produces gametes XHX^H and XhX^h.
    The man produces gametes XhX^h and YY.

    GametesXhYXHXHXhXHYXhXhXhXhY\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \text{Gametes} & X^h & Y \\ \hline X^H & X^H X^h & X^H Y \\ \hline X^h & X^h X^h & X^h Y \\ \hline \end{array}
  3. Identify the genotypes of sons and hemophiliac sons.

    From the Punnett square, the possible genotypes for sons are XHYX^H Y (normal son) and XhYX^h Y (hemophiliac son).

  4. Calculate the probability of having a son who is hemophiliac.

    There are 4 possible offspring genotypes, and 1 of them is XhYX^h Y (hemophiliac son).
    The probability is 14\frac{1}{4}.

    The probability that the couple will have a son who is hemophiliac is 14\boxed{\frac{1}{4}}.

Part d

Down syndrome\text{Down syndrome}

One defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation is Down syndrome. This condition is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21), which results from non-disjunction during meiosis.

Name one defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation: Down syndrome\boxed{\text{Down syndrome}}.

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