This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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41. Sulphur dioxide is mainly produced by burning: Sulphur dioxide (SO_2) is formed when sulphur (S) burns in oxygen. The reaction is S + O_2 → SO_2. C. Sulphur 42. The industrial process used to manufacture sulphuric acid is the: The Contact process is the industrial method for producing sulphuric acid (H_2SO_4). A. Contact process 43. Which allotrope of sulphur is stable at room temperature? Rhombic sulphur (alpha-sulphur) is the most stable allotrope of sulphur at room temperature (below 95.6 °C). B. Rhombic sulphur 44. Sulphur trioxide reacts with water to produce: Sulphur trioxide (SO_3) is the anhydride of sulphuric acid. When it reacts with water, it forms sulphuric acid. The reaction is SO_3 + H_2O → H_2SO_4. B. H_2SO_4 45. A use of sulphur dioxide in food industries is as a: Sulphur dioxide is commonly used as a food preservative due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, for example, in dried fruits and wine. B. Preservative 46. Ionic bonding occurs between: Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons, typically from a metal atom to a non-metal atom, forming ions that are attracted to each other. B. Metals and non-metals 47. Covalent bonds involve: Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, typically between two non-metal atoms. B. Sharing of electrons 48. Metallic bonding is characterised by: Metallic bonding is characterized by a "sea" of delocalised valence electrons that are shared among a lattice of positive metal ions. C. Sea of delocalised electrons 49. A molecule with a linear shape is: Using VSEPR theory: A. CO_2: The central carbon atom has two double bonds and no lone pairs, resulting in a linear shape. B. H_2O: The central oxygen atom has two bonding pairs and two lone pairs, resulting in a bent shape. C. NH_3: The central nitrogen atom has three bonding pairs and one lone pair, resulting in a trigonal pyramidal shape. D. CH_4: The central carbon atom has four bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a tetrahedral shape. A. CO_2 50. Hydrogen bonding occurs in: Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is directly bonded to a highly electronegative atom (nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) and is attracted to another electronegative atom in a different molecule. A. O_2: No hydrogen atoms. B. CH_4: Hydrogen is bonded to carbon, which is not electronegative enough to form hydrogen bonds. C. NH_3: Hydrogen is bonded to nitrogen, which is highly electronegative, allowing for hydrogen bonding between NH_3 molecules. D. NaCl: This is an ionic compound, not a molecule that forms hydrogen bonds. C. NH_3